Written by လူထုစိန္၀င္း
သမၼတဦးသိန္းစိန္အစိုးရကို မေထာက္ခံေသးဘူး၊ ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ေနဆဲျဖစ္တယ္လို႔ ေရးလိုက္တဲ့စာ ဂ်ာနယ္ေတြထဲပါလာတဲ့မနက္ပိုင္းမႇာတင္ စာဖတ္ပရိသတ္အေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားဆီက ဖုန္းေတြလက္ခံရရႇိတယ္။ အားလံုးက အားမလိုအားမရျဖစ္လို႔ ဆက္ၾကတာ။
အေၾကာင္းျပခ်က္ကိုယ္စီရႇိ
အားမရသူအမ်ားစုက ဘယ္ေလာက္ၾကာေအာင္ေစာင့္ရဦးမႇာလဲ။ ႏႇစ္ေပါင္းငါးဆယ္လံုးလံုး ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ခဲ့တာ မလံုေလာက္ေသးဘူးလားလို႔ ေမးၾကတယ္။သူတို႔တေတြ စိတ္မရႇည္ႏိုင္ေတာ့တာ အေၾကာင္းမဲ့ မဟုတ္ဘူး ဆိုတာ သိေနတဲ့အတြက္ နားလည္ေပးလုိက္ပါတယ္။ အားမရသူအနည္းစုကေတာ့ အရပ္သားအစိုးရသစ္က ဒါေလာက္ေျပာၿပီး ဒါေလာက္လုပ္ျပေနတာေတာင္ မေထာက္ခံေသးဘူး။ ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ဦးမယ္ဆိုတာက မလြန္လြန္းဘူးလား။ မ်က္မႇန္စိမ္းႀကီးခြၽတ္လိုက္ပါေတာ့လို႔ ေငါ့ေတာ့ေတာ့နဲ႔ ေျပာၾကတယ္။ သူတို႔မႇာလည္း အ ေၾကာင္းျပခ်က္ေတြ အမ်ားႀကီးရႇိေနေၾကာင္းသိထားလို႔ နားလည္ေပးလိုက္ပါတယ္။
အမ်ားႀကီးပိုပိုသာသာ
ႏႇစ္ငါးဆယ္လံုးလံုး ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ခဲ့ၿပီးၿပီဆိုသူမ်ားမႇ အေၾကာင္းျပခ်က္ေတြ လံုေလာက္႐ံုမက အမ်ားႀကီး ပိုပိုသာသာ ရႇိေနၾကပါတယ္။ ပထမဆံုး သူတို႔ေထာက္ျပစရာက ၁၉၇၄ ဖြဲ႕စည္းပံုအေျခခံဥပေဒနဲ႔ သူ႔ေၾကာင့္ ေပၚလာတဲ့ ဦးေန၀င္းအစိုးရျဖစ္တယ္။ အဲဒီေနာက္ ေလးႏႇစ္တစ္ႀကိမ္ က်င္းပတဲ့ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲေတြနဲ႔ အစိုးရေတြအေၾကာင္း၊ အေပၚယံပံု သဏၭာန္ေတြသာေျပာင္းသြားခဲ့ၿပီး အႏႇစ္သာရက ဘာမႇမေျပာင္းတဲ့အေၾကာင္း၊ အဲဒီေနာက္ ေတာင္သူလယ္သမားညီလာခံႀကီးေတြအေၾကာင္း၊ အလုပ္သမားညီလာခံႀကီးေတြအေၾကာင္း၊ စာေပလုပ္သား အစည္းအေ၀းႀကီးေတြအေၾကာင္း စသျဖင့္ စံုေနတာပါပဲ။
မေျပာင္းပါဘူး
ဟုတ္ေတာ့လည္းဟုတ္ပါတယ္။ အဲဒီတုန္းကေတာ့ အေျခခံဥပေဒေတြ အတည္ျပဳၾက၊ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲေတြ လုပ္ၾက၊ လႊတ္ေတာ္အစည္းအေ၀းႀကီးေတြ က်င္းပၾကနဲ႔ အေပၚယံၾကည့္ရင္ေတာ့ ဟုတ္တုတ္တုတ္ပါပဲ။ ဒါေပမဲ့ အတြင္းအႏႇစ္သာရကေတာ့ ဘာမႇမေျပာင္းပါဘူး။ ျမန္မာ့ဆိုရႇယ္လစ္ မ်က္ႏႇာဖံုးစြပ္ထားတဲ့စနစ္ပဲ ျဖစ္တယ္။ အခုလက္ရႇိဦးသိန္းစိန္အစိုးရက ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲနဲ႔တက္လာတဲ့လႊတ္ေတာ္က ေရြးခ်ယ္တင္ေျမႇာက္လုိက္တဲ့ အရပ္သား အစိုးရဆိုေပမယ့္ ပါ၀င္ေနသူအမ်ားစုဟာ အရင္စစ္အစိုးရမႇာ ပါ၀င္ခဲ့သူေတြျဖစ္တာေၾကာင့္ ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ဖို့ မလိုဘူး။ အရင္အစိုးရနဲ႔ ဘာမႇမထူးပါဘူးလို႔ သူတို႔က ေျပာၾကတာျဖစ္တယ္။
ယတိျပတ္မေျပာခ်င္
ကိုယ္တိုင္ကေတာ့ အဲဒီလို ယတိျပတ္မေျပာခ်င္ဘူး။ သမၼတ ဦးသိန္းစိန္အစိုးရ လက္ေတြ႕မႇာ ဘာေတြလုပ္သလဲဆိုတာကို ၾကည့္ၿပီး အကဲျဖတ္ခ်င္တယ္။ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲၿပီးၿပီးခ်င္း လြတ္ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းသာခြင့္ ေၾကညာၿပီး အက်ဥ္းသား တစ္ေသာင္းေက်ာ္လႊတ္ေပးတယ္။ ေဒၚ ေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္လည္း လြတ္လာတယ္။ ဒါကို ထူးျခားခ်က္လို႔ မယူဆခဲ့ဘူး။ ပါသင့္ပါထိုက္သူေတြ ဘယ္သူမႇပါမလာဘူး။ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္လြတ္တာလည္း လြတ္ရက္ေစ့လို့ လႊတ္လိုက္တာလို႔ပဲ သေဘာထားတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ သိပ္မၾကာဘူး အစိုးရသစ္က အင္မတန္နည္းတဲ့ ပင္စင္လစာေလးနဲ႔ေနၾကရရႇာတဲ့ ၀န္ထမ္းမ်ားအတြက္ ပင္စင္လစာေတြ တိုးျမႇင့္ေပးတယ္။ ေက်းလက္ေဒသ ဆင္းရဲမႈပေပ်ာက္ေရးအတြက္ ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲက်င္းပၿပီး နည္းလမ္းရႇာတယ္။
အျပဳသေဘာေဆာင္ရြက္ခ်က္ေတြ
အဲဒီေနာက္ ၀န္ႀကီးဦးေအာင္ၾကည္နဲ႔ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ သံုးႀကိမ္ေတြ႕ၿပီး ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္သမၼတက ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ကို ေနျပည္ေတာ္မႇာ လက္ခံေတြ႕ဆံုတယ္။ ဂ်ာနယ္ေတြမႇာ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ ဓာတ္ပံုေတြ၊ သတင္းေတြေဖာ္ျပခြင့္ ရလာတယ္။ အရင္ကအျဖဳတ္ခံရတဲ့ ေဆာင္းပါးေတြ ထည့္ခြင့္ေပးလာတယ္။ ဒါေတြဟာ အျပဳသေဘာေဆာင္တဲ့ ေဆာင္ရြက္ခ်က္ေတြလို႔ သေဘာရတယ္။ အဲဒီေနာက္ တစ္ႏိုင္ငံလံုးက လႇည္းေနေလႇေအာင္း ျမင္းေဇာင္းမက်န္ ျပည္သူတစ္ရပ္လံုးရဲ႕ဆႏၵျဖစ္တဲ့ ဧရာ၀တီျမစ္ဆံု ေရကာတာေဆာက္လုပ္ေရးကိစၥကို ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္သမၼတက လိုက္ေလ်ာၿပီး ဆက္မေဆာက္ဘဲ ရပ္ဆိုင္းလိုက္ေၾကာင္း ေၾကညာလိုက္တယ္။
ျမန္ျမန္ႀကီး ၿပီးမယ္မထင္ခဲ့
ကိုယ္တိုင္ေတာင္ မယံုႏိုင္ေလာက္ေအာင္ အံ့အားသင့္သြားတယ္။ လံုး၀ေမွ်ာ္လင့္မထားခဲ့ဘူး။ ဒါေလာက္ ျမန္ျမန္ဆန္ဆန္ ၿပီးသြားလိမ့္မယ္လို႔ ဘယ္သူမႇလည္း ထင္မႇာမဟုတ္ပါဘူး။ ျပည္သူ႔ဆႏၵ ေလးစားတယ္ဆိုတာမ်ဳိး ဘယ္တုန္းကမႇ ရႇိဖူးတာမဟုတ္တာပဲ။ အခုအစိုးရကေတာ့ ထြက္လာကတည္းက ျပည္သူက ေရြးေကာက္တင္ေျမႇာက္ထားတာျဖစ္တဲ့အတြက္ ျပည္သူ႔ဆႏၵကိုေလးစားလိုက္နာမယ္။ ျပည္သူေတြစိတ္ခ်မ္းသာေအာင္ လုပ္ေဆာင္မယ္၊ ဖြဲ႕စည္းပံုအေျခခံဥပေဒကို လက္မခံႏုိင္ေသးသူေတြနဲ႔ေတာင္ လက္တြဲႏိုင္ဖို႔ နည္းလမ္းေတြရႇာသြားမယ္။ စတဲ့ စတဲ့ စကားေတြ တဖြဖြေျပာၾကားခဲ့တယ္။ ေျဖေလ်ာ့တာေတြ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲတာေတြလည္း ဆက္တိုက္ လုပ္လာတယ္။
မ်က္မႇန္စိမ္းႀကီး ခြၽတ္လိုက္ပါေတာ့လို႔ ေျပာသူေတြလည္း အျမဲတမ္း ဆန္႔က်င္ခဲ့သူတစ္ဦးရဲ႕ ကေလာင္က ႀကိဳဆိုတယ္၊ ေက်းဇူးတင္တယ္ဆိုတဲ့ စာလံုးေတြ မထြက္စဖူးထြက္လာတာကို ၾကည့္ၿပီး ေက်နပ္လိမ့္မယ္ ထင္ပါတယ္။ ေထာက္ခံတယ္လို႔ အျပတ္ေျပာဖို႔အတြက္ အေျပာင္းအလဲေတြကို ေစာင့္ေမွ်ာ္ေနပါတယ္။ ျမန္ျမန္ ေပၚထြက္လာေစခ်င္ပါၿပီဗ်ာ . . . |
ေနာက္ဆံုးေဆာင္ရြက္ခ်က္
တျခားေနရာေတြထက္ သတင္းမီဒီယာေလာကမႇာ ပိုၿပီးထင္ထင္ရႇား ရႇားသိႏိုင္၊ ျမင္ႏိုင္တယ္။ စာေပစိစစ္ေရးဆိုတာ ရႇိျမဲရႇိေနေသးေပမယ့္ ျဖတ္တာ၊ ျဖဳတ္တာ မရႇိသေလာက္ နည္းသြားတယ္။ ဘယ္တုန္းကမႇ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ မထားတဲ့ အေၾကာင္းအရာေတြ၊ စကားလံုး အသံုးအႏႈန္းေတြ ေရးခြင့္ ရလာတယ္။ လက္ေတြ႕သာဓကျပရရင္ စာေရးသူကိုယ္တိုင္ေရးတဲ့ အေျခခံဥပေဒလည္း မေထာက္ခံဘူး။ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲလည္း မေထာက္ခံဘူး။ ဦးသိန္းစိန္အစိုးရလည္း မေထာက္ခံဘူး။ ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ေနဆဲပဲဆိုတဲ့စာကို တစ္လံုးတစ္ပါဒမႇမျဖတ္ဘဲ ခြင့္ျပဳခဲ့တယ္။ အခု ေနာက္ဆံုးေဆာင္ရြက္ခ်က္ကေတာ့ ေရႇးကအတြင္း၀န္႐ံုး (စကၠရီေတးရီးယက္) လို႔ေခၚၿပီး အခုေခတ္မႇာ ၀န္ႀကီးမ်ား႐ံုးလို႔ေခၚတဲ့ ကိုလိုနီေခတ္ အေဆာက္အအုံႀကီးကို ဟိုတယ္အျဖစ္ ေျပာင္းလဲလုပ္ကိုင္ႏုိင္ဖို႔အတြက္ ပုဂၢလိကလုပ္ငန္းရႇင္မ်ားကို ငႇားရမ္းမယ္ဆိုတဲ့ ကိစၥျဖစ္တယ္။
ပယ္ဖ်က္လိုက္
အဲဒီသတင္းကို ဂ်ာနယ္ေတြက ထင္ျမင္ခ်က္ေတြပါ ေတာင္းခံၿပီး ထည့္လိုက္တယ္။ ထင္ျမင္ခ်က္ေပးသူအားလံုးက သမုိင္း၀င္ အေဆာက္အအံုေတြကို ထိန္းသိမ္းထားသင့္ေၾကာင္း ေျပာၾကတယ္။ ေနာက္တစ္ပတ္ ဂ်ာနယ္ထြက္ရက္ေရာက္ေတာ့ ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္သမၼတႀကီးက ဟိုတယ္အ ျဖစ္ ငႇားရမ္းမယ့္ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ကို ပယ္ဖ်က္လိုက္ၿပီး ယဥ္ေက်းမႈ၀န္ႀကီးဌာနကို ထိန္းသိမ္းေစာင့္ေရႇာက္ဖို႔ လႊဲေပးလိုက္ေၾကာင္း သတင္းပါလာတယ္။ ဂ်ာနယ္မႇာပါလာၿပီး ရက္ပိုင္းေလးအတြင္းမႇာပဲ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ထြက္လာတာ ဘယ္ေလာက္ျမန္လိုက္သလဲ။ ဂ်ာနယ္ေတြမႇာသာ ဒီ သတင္းထည့္ခြင့္မေပးခဲ့ရင္ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္နဲ႔ အာဇာနည္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ႀကီးေတြ လုပ္ၾကံခဲ့ရတဲ့ အခန္းေတြက ႏုိင္ငံျခားသားေတြ အရက္မူးၿပီး ကဆုန္ေပါက္ကခုန္ေနၾကတဲ့ ကပြဲခန္းမ ႀကီးျဖစ္ခ်င္ျဖစ္သြားမႇာ။ လႊတ္ေတာ္ခန္းမႀကီးေတြကလည္း မီးဖိုခန္းျဖစ္သြားမလား၊ သန္႔စင္ခန္းျဖစ္သြားမလား မသိႏိုင္ပါဘူး။ ဂ်ာနယ္ေတြေက်းဇူးေၾကာင့္ မျဖစ္သင့္တဲ့ကိစၥတစ္ခုကို အခ်ိန္မီ တားႏိုင္လိုက္တယ္။ သမၼတႀကီးကို ေက်းဇူးတင္လုိက္တယ္။
ေစာင့္ေမွ်ာ္ေနတယ္
ဒီေလာက္ဆိုရင္ အားမလို အားမရျဖစ္ၾကတဲ့ ႏႇစ္ဖက္စလံုးကပုဂၢိဳလ္ေတြ ေက်နပ္ႏုိင္ေလာက္ၿပီ ထင္တယ္။ ထပ္ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ဖို႔ လိုေသးလို႔လားလို႔ ေမးတဲ့သူေတြလည္း ဘာေၾကာင့္လိုေသးတယ္ဆိုတဲ့ အေၾကာင္းျပခ်က္ကို လက္ခံႏုိင္မယ္လို႔ ယူဆတယ္။ မ်က္မႇန္စိမ္းႀကီးခြၽတ္ လိုက္ပါေတာ့လို႔ ေျပာသူေတြလည္း အျမဲတမ္းဆန္႔က်င္ခဲ့သူတစ္ဦးရဲ႕ကေလာင္က ႀကိဳဆိုတယ္၊ ေက်းဇူးတင္တယ္ဆိုတဲ့စာလံုးေတြ မထြက္စဖူး ထြက္လာတာကို ၾကည့္ၿပီး ေက်နပ္လိမ့္မယ္ထင္ပါတယ္။ ေထာက္ခံတယ္လို႔ အျပတ္ေျပာဖို႔အတြက္ အေျပာင္းအလဲေတြကို ေစာင့္ေမွ်ာ္ေန ပါတယ္။ ျမန္ျမန္ေပၚထြက္လာေစခ်င္ပါၿပီဗ်ာ။
Credit : weekly media
Credit : weekly media
He regarded his 8-day visit to Burma, 20-28 October, as a fruitful eye-opener, said Harn Yawnghwe, director of Brussels-based Euro-Burma Office (EBO) and youngest son of the late first President of Burma who went into exile with his mother in 1963.
Harn Yawnghwe with his daughter arriving in Rangoon
The only problem he faced was when he applied for his visa. Despite being invited by three ministers, he was technically still a persona non grata, the embassy told him. It was finally issued, only after he had put down a minister's name as his guarantor.
If there were any more misgivings, he was discouraged from them when he arrived there.
There were only two fixed items on his agenda: To visit his hometown Yawnghwe, once the seat of one of the most powerful Shan princedoms, and Rangoon, where he went to school. But it turned out most of his time there were filled up by a flurry of meetings with 12 political parties and a number of high ranking regime officials.
"I didn't meet anybody saying anything negative about what's taking place in Burma," he remembered.
One senior police officer: This is just what we've been waiting for so long.
An Inlay shopkeeper: Since you are back after all these years, things must be moving for the better for our country.
A Shan Nationalities Democratic Party (SNDP) leading member: Since the Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP) is made up of all national races, including Shans, cooperation is better than expected earlier.
The parties
Apart from the SNDP, he also held meetings with 5 democracy parties, remaining 4 Nationalities Brotherhood parties and the deregistered Shan Nationalities League for Democracy (SNLD). "All seemed to be saying three things to me:
The government under U Thein Sein leadership is really working for change
Change won't come easy. Old systems and laws are still in place. It'll take some time before new systems and laws can move in. The new labor act, for instance, came into being because of the assistance by the ILO. It means exiles can take part in drafting new laws. And it should not be considered as propping up the old regime, but as help strengthening democracy in the country.
Support and encouragement therefore are needed to make the changes in the making irreversible"
He earlier told Financial Times, "They have decided to change. It's not what we called for, but there are changes. Even if they are pretending to change, we should push them so the change becomes irreversible."
The NLD
His argument found an ally at least in the National League for Democracy's U Win Tin. "Our line of thinking does not differ from yours," Harn was told.
"Unfortunately, I didn't get the chance to meet The Lady, despite tireless efforts made by one of her close associates," he said.
He declined to name the said close associate, but said he is one of her intimates who still carries deep mistrust of Thein Sein. "She told me I need to have trust in him," he said to Harn.
The ruling class
Without doubt, the country's top leadership is made up of two factions, divided by conflicting personal feelings and ways of thinking, according to him:
The Gang of Four:
Vice President #1 Tin Aung Myint Oo
Upper House Speaker Khin Aung Myint
Information Minister Kyaw Hsan
Finance Minister Hla Tun
"They have reportedly urged the Senior General (Than Shwe) to stage a comeback, but unless Thein Sein makes a big blunder thereby giving him sufficient excuse, it is unlikely he will return", he reasoned.
The "Reformists":
President Thein Sein
Lower House Speaker Thura Shwe Mann
Railway Transport Minister Aung Min
Industry #1 Minister Soe Thein
(and surprise, surprise) Electric Power Minister Zaw Min(whose declaration "not to back off" from the Myitsone project had triggered a series of popular actions culminating in its suspension)
"However, the fence sitters are still the majority in the top echelon, I was told," he said. "They are naturally waiting to see which direction the wind is blowing before they make up their minds."
Peace talks
Negotiations for a renewed ceasefire are conducted by a team led by U Aung Thaung, USDP Secretary #1 and U Thein Zaw, Chairman of Lower House National Races Affairs and Internal Peace making committee, on the Sino-Burmese front. It has notable but not surprising success with the Wa and Mongla groups, but "nothing but love" with the Kachins. Despite negotiations since June, war between the two has intensified much to the chagrin of the local populace.
"An alternative for the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO), if it is not held up by the United Nationalities Federal Council (UNFC) the alliance of which it is the leading member, is to propose to Naypyitaw for an appointment of a new negotiating team," said Harn.
Coincidentally, on the Thailand-Burma side, another team led by U Aung Min had been seeking out appointments with the armed groups along the border. It had already met the Karen National Union on 9 October 2011, though details have yet to be disclosed. A source said the Karens were impressed with Aung Min who used to serve on the Karen front.
Harn Yawnghwe, while in Rangoon on Thursday, 27 October, told the 5 democracy parties "he would try to help in making peace in ethnic areas," reported Mizzima News quoting Nayyi Ba Swe, daughter of former prime minister U Ba Swe.
"I was asked (by a regime official) what I thought of about its 'group-by-group' approach, shunning the UNFC approach," Harn recalled. "I told them at the initial level which is for conclusion of ceasefire agreements, it should be okay to deal groupwise. But when it comes to political negotiations, all stakeholders should be invited."
He said he had also urged the government to release the political prisoners as soon as possible, so to dispel the lingering doubts, if nothing else.
Other opposition movements meanwhile are making a 3 point call: Release of all political prisoners, nationwide ceasefire and inclusive dialogue.
Credit : Shanland
According to the Kachin News Group, the Burma Army has been firing chemical weapon mortars against Kachin soldiers for the last week. This is a war crime and it is absolutely unacceptable. This is the real face of the military regime, not the sweet talk coming out of Naypyidaw and which some people are only too happy to hear.
Read the Report here
၀ိုင္းေမာ္ၿမိဳ႕နယ္ KIA ႏွင့္ ျမန္မာအစိုးရစစ္တပ္တုိ႔တိုက္ပြဲျဖစ္ရာ ျမစ္ၾကီးနား-ဗန္းေမာ္ေပၚမွ ေရႊေညာင္ပင္၊ ဂါးရာယန္ေဒသမွ ဆုေတာင္းေတာင္(Akyu Hpyi Bum)ႏွင့္ လံုဇက္ပ္ေကာင္ (Lung Zep Kawng) တုိက္ပြဲ မ်ားတြင္ ျမန္မာအစိုးရတပ္က ဓါတုအဆိပ္ေငြ႔ အသံုးျပဳေနသည္ဟု ဆိုသည္။
ေအာက္တိုဘာလ ၂၉ ရက္ စေနေန႔ ဆုေတာင္းေတာင္တိုက္ပြဲတြင္ ျမန္မာအစုိးရတပ္က ဓါတုလက္နက္ပါ အေျမာက္က်ည္ ၂ ခု ပစ္ခတ္လာသည္ဟု ၎တုိက္ပြဲမွ KIA ျပည္သူ႔စစ္သားမ်ားေျပာသည္။
KIA ျပည္သူ႔စစ္သား လာဂြမ္္းက “ဘယ္လိုျဖစ္တာလဲလို႔ သြားစစ္ၾကည့္ေတာ့။ မီးခိုးအနက္ေရာင္ေတြပ်ံ႕ လာတယ္။ မီးခိုးေတြတအားမ်ားတယ္။ မ်ားတထက္မ်ားလာတာနဲ႔ ေခါင္းမူးလာတယ္။အာေခါင္ေျခာက္လာ တယ္။ ေရ တအား ဆာလာတယ္။ အန္ခ်င္လာတယ္။ အန္ေတာ့ မအန္ႏိုင္ဘဲ ပ်ိဳ႕တက္လာၿပီးေတာ့ ရင္ၾကပ္လာၿပီး စပ္ဖ်င္းဖ်င္း နာလာတယ္။ မ်က္နွာထူလာတယ္ အခ်ိန္တို အတြင္းပဲ။” ဟု ေျပာသည္။
ထိုေန႔တြင္ပင္ လိုင္ဇာအနီး အင္တပ္ဘြမ္(Ntap Bum) ေဒသတြင္လည္း ျမန္မာအစိုးရတပ္၏ အေျမာက္ က်ည္ေၾကာင့္ KIA စစ္သားမ်ား အခ်ိန္အေတာ္ၾကာ မူးေ၀ ေအာ့အန္ၾကသည္ဟုဆိုသည္။
အလားတူလက္နက္မ်ိဳး တစ္ပတ္ေက်ာ္ၾကာ လံုဇက္ပ္ေကာင္ (Lung Zep Kawng) တုိက္ပြဲတြင္လည္း ျမန္မာအစိုးရတပ္ဘက္မွ အသံုးျပဳသည္ကို ေတြ႔ရသည္ဟု ဆက္ေျပာသည္။
ဂ်နီဗာသေဘာတူညီခ်က္အရ ျပည္တြင္း ျပည္ပစစ္ပြဲမ်ားတြင္ ဓါတုႏွင့္ ဇီ၀ လက္နက္မ်ား အသံုးျပဳရန္ ပိတ္ပင္ထားသည္။
ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝသည္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ၏ ပထမဆံုး သမၼတႀကီးလည္းျဖစ္၊ ေညာင္ေရႊ ေစာ္ဘြားဆက္၏ ေနာက္ဆံုး ေစာ္ဘြားလည္းျဖစ္ေသာ ေစာ္ဘြားႀကီးစပ္ေရႊသိုက္၏ သားတဦးျဖစ္သည္။ လြတ္လပ္ေသာ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအျဖစ္ ေၾကျငာၿပီး ၄ လ အၾကာ ၁၉၄၈ ခုႏွစ္ ဧၿပီလ ၁၅ ရက္ေန႔တြင္ ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝကို ေမြးဖြားခဲ့သည္။ အေျခခံပညာေရးကို ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံတြင္ သင္ယူဆည္းပူးခဲ့ၿပီး ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံႏွင့္ ကေနဒါႏိုင္ငံတို႔တြင္ ပညာ ဆက္လက္ဆည္းပူးကာ ဘြဲ႔ရရွိသည္။ ထို႔ေနာက္ ကေနဒါႏိုင္ငံ McGill University မွ စီးပြားေရးစီမံခန္႔ခြဲမႈဆိုင္ရာ မဟာဘြဲ႔ (MBA) ကို ရရိွခဲ့သည္။
ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝသည္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ ဒီမုိကေရစီလႈပ္ရွားမႈအတြက္ ႏွစ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာပင္ ေဆာင္ရြက္လာခဲ့သည္။ သူသည္ Burma Alert လစဥ္သတင္းစာေစာင္၏ အယ္ဒီတာ၊ အေ၀းေရာက္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ အမ်ိဳးသားညြန္႔ေပါင္းအစိုးရ (NCGUB) ၀န္ႀကီးခ်ဳပ္ ဦးစိန္၀င္း၏ အႀကံေပး၊ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံအတြင္းသို႔ ေန႔စဥ္ ျမန္မာဘာသာအျပင္ တိုင္းရင္းသား (၇) ဘာသာျဖင့္ သတင္းထုတ္လႊင့္ေနေသာ ဒီမုိကရက္တစ္ ျမန္မာ့အသံ (DVB) ၏ စီမံခန္႔ခြဲေရး ညႊန္ၾကားေရးမႉး စသည့္ တာ၀န္မ်ား ယူခဲ့သည္။
၁၉၉၇ ေဖေဖာ္၀ါရီလတြင္ ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝသည္ ဥေရာပ ျမန္မာ႐ံုး၏ ညႊန္ၾကားေရးမႉး ျဖစ္လာခဲ့သည္။ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံတြင္ ဒီမိုကေရစီအစိုးရတရပ္သို႔ အသြင္းကူးေျပာင္းရာတြင္ ျမန္မာ့ဒီမုိကေရစီ လႈပ္ရွားမႈအား ကူညီေထာက္ပ့ံေပးရန္ ဥေရာပသမဂၢႏွင့္ ဂ်ာမန္ Friedrich Ebert ေဖာင္ေဒးရွင္းတို႔က ပူးတြဲအေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ေသာ စီမံကိန္းတခုျဖစ္သည္။
လက္ရိွျမန္မာ့ႏို္င္ငံေရး၀န္းက်င္၊ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲမႈမ်ား၏ လက္ရိွအေနအထား၊ တိုင္းျပည္အတြင္းျဖစ္ေပၚေနေသာ အေျပာင္းအလဲမ်ားအေပၚ ႏုိင္ငံတကာ၏ တုန္႔ျပန္ေဆာင္ရြက္ခ်က္၊ သက္ဆိုင္ရာ ပါ၀င္ေဆာင္ရြက္သူမ်ား ရင္ဆိုင္ႀကံဳေတြ႔ေနရသည့္ စိန္ေခၚခ်က္မ်ားႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ ဧရာ၀တီမဂၢဇင္းက ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေရႊကို ဆက္သြယ္ေမးျမန္းထားပါသည္။
ေမး ။ ။ ျမန္မာအစိုးရနဲ႔ စစ္တပ္ထဲမွာ တဖက္နဲ႔တဖက္ အႀကိတ္အနယ္ ၿပိဳင္ေနၾကတဲ့ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရး လိုလားတဲ့အုပ္စုရယ္၊ ေျပာင္းလဲေရးကို မလိုလားတဲ့ ေခါင္းမာတဲ့အုပ္စုရယ္လို႔ ရွိေနတယ္လို႔ ေျပာေနၾကပါတယ္။ ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝကေရာ ဘယ္လိုသေဘာရပါသလဲ။ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးသမားေတြက အသာစီးရေနတယ္လို႔ ထင္ပါသလား။ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ ဒီအုပ္စုႏွစ္ခုစလံုးက အတိုက္အခံနဲ႔ ႏိုင္ငံတကာအသိုင္းအ၀န္းကို ေခ်ာ့တခါ၊ ေျခာက္တလွည့္ ပံုစံမ်ိဳးနဲ႔ ကစားေနတာလား။
ေျဖ ။ ။ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလိုတဲ့ လစ္ဘရယ္အုပ္စုနဲ႔ ေခါင္းမာတဲ့အုပ္စုၾကား တိုက္ပြဲရယ္လို႔ ရွင္းရွင္းလင္းလင္း မရိွပါဘူး။ သီအုိရီအရ ဆန္းစစ္ၾကည့္လိုက္မယ္ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ အခုအေျခအေနက အဲဒီလိုပံု ေပါက္ေနႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္လည္း ၂၀၀၄ ခုႏွစ္တုန္းက ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီး ခင္ညြန္႔ကို တခ်ိဳ႕အကဲျဖတ္သူေတြက လစ္ဘရယ္တဦးရယ္လို႔ ျမင္ခဲ့ၾကတာေပါ့။ တဖက္ကၾကည့္ျပန္ေတာ့လည္း ခင္ဗ်ားေျပာသလို အေကာင္းနဲ႔အဆိုး ပံုစံလည္း မဟုတ္ျပန္ဘူးဗ်။ က်ေနာ္တို႔ကိုယ္ က်ေနာ္တို႔လည္း အ႐ူးမလုပ္သင့္ဘူး။ တပ္မေတာ္က အတိုက္အခံကိုလည္း ဂ႐ုမစိုက္ဘူး၊ ႏိုင္ငံတကာ အသိုင္းအဝိုင္းကိုလည္း ဂ႐ုမစိုက္ဘူး။ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေန၀င္းက ၁၉၆၂ မွာ အာဏာသိမ္းခဲ့တယ္။ ဘာေၾကာင့္လဲဆိုေတာ့ ဦးႏုက အေျခအေနကို မထိန္းႏိုင္ေတာ့လို႔။ ဦးေန၀င္းက ၁၉၈၈ မွာ ထိန္းမထားႏုိင္ေတာ့ တပ္မေတာ္က တခါ အာဏာထပ္သိမ္းလိုက္တာပဲ။
အဓိကသေဘာတရားက ဘာလဲဆိုေတာ့ ျမန္မာႏို္င္ငံရဲ႕ လြတ္လပ္ေရး၊ အခ်ဳပ္အျခာအာဏာ၊ တိုင္းရင္းသား စည္းလံုးညီညြတ္ေရးကို ကာကြယ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ဖို႔ တစံုတဦး (တပ္မေတာ္) က အေျခအေနကို ထိန္းထားႏိုင္ရမယ္။ လမ္းျပေျမပံု ၇ ခ်က္ဆိုတာ ခိုင္မာတဲ့အစိုးရတရပ္နဲ႔ ေဘးနားကေန မားမားရပ္ေပးမယ့္ ခိုင္မာတဲ့တပ္မေတာ္တရပ္ ျဖစ္လာဖို႔ပဲ။ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီး သန္းေရႊက သူ႔ကိုယ္သူကာကြယ္တဲ့အေနနဲ႕ ဇာတ္ညႊန္းထဲကေန ဖယ္ေပးလိုက္ၿပီး ယိုင္နဲ႔နဲ႔ပါတီ၊ အားေပ်ာ့တဲ့ သမၼတနဲ႔ ဒုသမၼတ၊ ခ်ိနဲ႔နဲ႔ ပါလီမန္နဲ႔ ခ်ိနဲ႔နဲ႔တပ္မေတာ္ကို အာဏာလႊဲေပးလိုက္တယ္။ အၿငိမ္းစား ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီးတေယာက္အေနနဲ႔ သမၼတ ဦးသိန္းစိန္ကလည္း ဒီအေျခအေနကို ဆက္အျဖစ္မခံႏိုင္ဘူး။ အဲဒီေတာ့ ၂၀၀၈ ဖြဲ႔စည္းပံုအေျခခံဥပေဒ လုပ္ပိုင္ခြင့္ေဘာင္အတြင္းကေန ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ဖို႔ သူႀကိဳးစားခဲ့တယ္။ အခုက်ေနာ္တို႔ ျမင္ေနၾကားေနရတဲ့ သေဘာထား ကြဲလြဲခ်က္ေတြဆိုတာ အေတြးအေခၚပိုင္းအရ မဟုတ္ဘူး။ ပုဂိၢဳလ္ေရးအရ ျဖစ္ေနတာ။ ဘာေၾကာင့္လဲဆိုေတာ့ တခ်ိဳ႕ေတြက ဦးသိန္းစိန္ကို ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေနရာေပးတာ မႀကိဳက္ၾကဘူး။ သူတို႔ကိုယ္တိုင္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ျဖစ္ခ်င္ေနတာ။
ခိုင္မာတဲ့ အစိုးရတရပ္အေနနဲ႔ ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ဖို႔အားထုတ္တာ လြန္တဲ့ကိစၥေတာ့မဟုတ္ဘူး။ အေမရိကန္လို ဒီမုိကေရစီ အစိုးရမ်ားကိုယ္တိုင္ အရာရာအားလံုးကို ထိန္းထားခ်င္တယ္။ အဲဒီလိုမဟုတ္ဘူးဆိုရင္ မင္းမဲ့စ႐ိုက္ ျဖစ္ကုန္မွာေပါ့။ ဆိုေတာ့ ေမးရမွာက ဘယ္သူကို ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ခြင့္ ဘယ္လိုေပးမလဲနဲ႔ အဲဒီထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ခြင့္ကို ဘယ္လိုမ်ိဳး လက္ေတြ႔က်င့္သံုးမလဲ ဆိုတာပဲ။ အဲဒီ ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ခြင့္ရိွသူကို လူထုဆႏၵ၊ တရားဥပေဒစိုးမိုးမႈ၊ စည္း႐ံုးဆြဲေဆာင္မႈစတဲ့ လုပ္ငန္းစဥ္ေတြကေန ယူမယ္ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ လံုး၀ဥႆုံလက္ခံရမွာပဲ။ ဒါေပမယ့္ အဲဒါကို လက္နက္နဲ႔ လုပ္ယူမယ္ဆိုေတာ့ လက္ခံႏုိင္စရာမရွိဘူး။ ဒါ့ေၾကာင့္ တခ်ိဳ႕ေတြက ဦးသိန္းစိန္ရဲ႕ တရား၀င္မႈနဲ႔ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ေမြးခြန္းထုတ္ေနၾကတယ္။ အခုသူလုပ္ေနတဲ့ နည္းလမ္းေတြအရဆိုရင္ ေတာ္ေတာ္လက္ခံႏုိင္တဲ့ အေျခအေနမွာ ရိွပါတယ္။
ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီး သန္းေရႊနဲ႔ မတူတဲ့ တျခားျခားနားခ်က္က ဘာလဲဆိုေတာ့ ယေန႔ေခတ္ကာလမွာ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံဟာ တုိင္းျပည္တခုအျဖစ္ ဆက္လက္ရပ္တည္ႏုိင္ဖို႔ဆိုရင္ အေျပာင္းအလဲေတြ လုပ္ဖို႔လုိတယ္လို႔ ဦးသိန္းစိန္က ျမင္ပံုရတယ္။ သူကုိယ္တုိင္က လြတ္လပ္မွ်တသူ လစ္ဘရယ္သမားေတာ့ မဟုတ္ဘူး။ ဒါေပမယ့္ အေျခအေနတခုလံုးကုိ ထိန္းထားႏိုင္တဲ့ အစိုးရမ်ိဳး၊ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံရဲ႕ အက်ိဳးစီးပြား (တျခားတိုင္းျပည္မ်ား၊ စီးပြားေရးလုပ္ငန္းႀကီးမ်ားနဲ႔ ယွဥ္၍) ကို ကာကြယ္ႏိုင္တဲ့ အစိုးရမ်ိဳး သူ႔အစိုးရကို ျဖစ္ေစခ်င္တယ္။
သူ႔အေျပာင္းအလဲေတြ ေအာင္ျမင္မွာလား။ ဒီအတြက္ေတာ့ အေျဖမရိွေသးပါဘူး။ သူ႔ရန္ဖက္ေတြက သူ႔ကို အာဏာကေန ဖယ္လိုက္ႏုိင္တယ္ဆိုရင္၊ ျပည္သူေတြရဲ႕ဒုကၡသုကၡေတြကို သူ႔ရဲ႕ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးေတြကေန ဖယ္ရွားပစ္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္လို႔ သူ႔အေနနဲ႔ ျပည္သူေတြကို နားမခ်ႏိုင္ဘူးဆိုရင္၊ တိုင္းရင္းသားေတြနဲ႔ သူ ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရး မတည္ေဆာက္ႏိုင္ဘူးဆိုရင္၊ အစိုးရက သူ႔ရဲ႕ ကတိေတြကို အေကာင္အထည္ မေဖာ္ေပးႏိုင္ဘူးဆိုရင္၊ ႏိုင္ငံတကာအသိုင္းအ၀န္းက သူ႔ရဲ႕အားထုတ္ခ်က္ေတြကို လက္မခံဘဲ ဖိအားေတြ ဆက္ေပးေနမယ္ဆိုရင္ စသျဖင့္ စသျဖင့္ေပါ့၊ အဲဒါဆိုရင္ေတာ့ သူက်ဆံုးမွာပဲ။
က်ေနာ္တို႔ကိုယ္က်ေနာ္တို႔ ေမးရမယ့္ ေမးခြန္းက တျခားအစားထိုးစရာ ရိွသလား၊ အကယ္၍ သူ မေအာင္ျမင္ခဲ့ဘူးဆိုရင္ ဒီမိုကေရစီအေရးအတြက္ ပိုေကာင္းလာမွာလား၊ သူ႔ေနရာမွာ ဘယ္သူနဲ႔၊ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ ဘာနဲ႔ အစားထိုးမလဲ။ ပိုၿပီး ပြင့္လင္းတဲ့ လစ္ဘရယ္ဆန္တဲ့ ဒီမိုကေရစီအရပ္သားအစိုးရ ျဖစ္မလာမွာေတာ့ က်ိန္းေသတယ္။ အျဖစ္ႏုိင္ဆံုး အေျခအေနက တပ္မေတာ္က အာဏာသိမ္းလိမ့္မယ္။ ဦးသိန္းစိန္ရဲ႕ က်ဆံုးခန္းကို ၾကည့္ၿပီး ေနာင္တက္လာမယ့္ စစ္အစိုးရက ပိုၿပီးေတာ့ ေရွး႐ိုးဆန္မယ္၊ ပိုၿပီးဖိႏွိပ္မယ္၊ လစ္ဘရယ္ မျဖစ္ေတာ့ဘူး။
ေမး ။ ။ ဘယ္လို ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲမႈမ်ိဳးကို ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝအေနနဲ႔ ျမင္ေတြ႕လိုပါသလဲ။ ျမန္မာအစိုးရအေနနဲ႔ေရာ အခုအခ်ိန္မွာ ဘယ္လို အေသးစိတ္လုပ္ငန္းမ်ိဳးေတြ လုပ္ေဆာင္သင့္ပါသလဲ။
ေျဖ ။ ။ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရး ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားကိုေတာ့ လုပ္ေပးမယ္လို႔ ကတိျပဳထားၿပီးပါၿပီ။ စီးပြားေရးနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္တာေတြကေတာ့ ေတာ့္ေတာ့္ကို ရႈပ္ေထြးၿပီး အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ဖို႔လည္း ခက္ခဲပါတယ္။ ဘာေၾကာင့္လဲဆိုေတာ့ ဒီကိစၥေတြက တခုနဲ႔တခု ဆက္စပ္ေနလို႔လည္း ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ႏွစ္ေပါင္း ၅၀ ေက်ာ္ေလာက္ က်ေနာ္တို႔ မ်က္ႏွာလြဲခဲပစ္လုပ္ထားတဲ့၊ ပိုဆိုးလာေနတဲ့ ျပႆနာေတြလည္း ရိွပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္ထင္တာကေတာ့ အစိုးရအေနနဲ႔ ကတိအသစ္ေတြ ထပ္ေပးေနမယ့္အစား ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးအတြက္ ေပးၿပီးသားကတိေတြကိုပဲ အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ဖို႔ ပိုအေရးႀကီးပါတယ္။ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးကို ေဖာ္ေဆာင္တဲ့ေနရာမွာ အခက္အခဲက ဘာလဲဆိုေတာ့ အစိုးရမွာ အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ဖို႔ လုပ္ႏိုင္စြမ္းအား မရိွႏိုင္တာပဲ။ အစိုးရလုပ္ႏုိင္တာထက္ ပိုၿပီး ေမွ်ာ္မွန္းလိုက္မယ္ဆိုရင္ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးေတြက ပိုၿပီးေတာ့ လက္ေတြ႔နဲ႔ ကင္းကြာသြားႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ တခ်ိဳ႕လံုၿခံဳေရးဆိုင္ရာ ဥပေဒေတြ ဖ်က္သိမ္းပစ္တာမ်ိဳး၊ လြတ္ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းသာခြင့္ ေၾကညာတာမ်ိဳး၊ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားေတြ လႊတ္ေပးတာမ်ိဳး၊ ျပည္ပက အတိုက္အခံေတြ ျပည္တြင္းျပန္လာႏိုင္ေအာင္ လုပ္ထံုးလုပ္နည္းတခ်ိဳ႕ ခ်ေပးတာမ်ိဳး၊ စာေပစိစစ္ေရး ဥပေဒေတြကို ဖ်က္သိမ္းေပးတာမ်ိဳး၊ သတင္းေထာက္ေတြအတြက္ လြတ္လပ္ခြင့္ ပိုေပးတာမ်ိဳးအျပင္ ႏိုင္ငံျခားသတင္းေထာက္ေတြကို ၀င္ခြင့္ျပဳတာမ်ိဳးေတြက ရိွေနၿပီးသား ဗ်ဴ႐ိုကေရစီကို ထပ္ၿပီး အလုပ္မရႈပ္ေစတဲ့ ျပဳလြယ္ျပင္လြယ္တဲ့ အေျပာင္းအလဲေတြပါ။
ေမး ။ ။ တ႐ုတ္ကေဆာက္ေပးမယ့္ ျမစ္ဆံုေရကာတာ တည္ေဆာက္ေရး ယာယီရပ္ဆိုင္းဖို႔ သမၼတ ဦးသိန္းစိန္ရဲ႕ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ကို တခ်ိဳ႕က အေမရိကန္အပါအ၀င္ အေနာက္ႏိုင္ငံေတြနဲ႔ ဆက္ဆံေရးပိုေကာင္းေအာင္ လုပ္လိုက္တဲ့ မဟာဗ်ဴဟာ က်ားကြက္လို႔ ျမင္ၾကတယ္။ အာဏာခ်ိန္ခြင္လွ်ာ ညိွတဲ့သေဘာေပါ့။ ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝကေရာ အဲဒီအျမင္ကို သေဘာတူလား။ တ႐ုတ္လႊမ္းမိုးမႈကို ျမန္မာက တုန္႔ျပန္လိုက္တဲ့အကြက္တခုလို႔ တကယ္ေရာ မွတ္ယူလို႔ရပ့ါမလား။ တ႐ုတ္ဖဲခ်ပ္ကို ျမန္မာက ထုတ္ကစားလိုက္ျခင္းအားျဖင့္ အစစ္အမွန္ ႏိုင္ငံေရးျပဳျပင္ ေျပာင္းလဲမႈေတြကေန အသာေလး ေရွာင္ထြက္သြားႏိုင္သလို၊ အေနာက္အုပ္စုနဲ႔လည္း မိတ္ေဆြလုပ္ႏိုင္မယ္လို႔ တခ်ိဳ႕ အကဲျဖတ္ေတြက ေျပာေနၾကတယ္။ အဲဒါကိုေရာ ဘယ္လိုျမင္ပါသလဲ။
ေျဖ ။ ။ ဒီလုပ္ရပ္ကို လူအထင္ႀကီးေလာက္တဲ့ ႏုိင္ငံတကာမဟာဗ်ဴဟာတခုနဲ႔ ဆက္စပ္တယ္လို႔ေတာ့ က်ေနာ္မယံုၾကည္ဘူးဗ်။ အေနာက္ႏိုင္ငံက တခ်ိဳ႕လူေတြရဲ႕ ျဖစ္လိုတဲ့ဆႏၵပါ။ ယာယီရပ္ဆိုင္းဖို႔ ဆံုးျဖတ္လိုက္တာက သမၼတဟာ ဆံုးျဖတ္ႏုိင္တဲ့ အႀကီးအကဲေနရာမွာ ရိွေနတယ္၊ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ ခ်ႏိုင္တဲ့ အ႐ိုက္အရာေခါင္းေဆာင္သစ္ တေယာက္ရိွေနၿပီလို႔ ျပည္တြင္းကို အသိေပးလိုက္တာပဲ။ ဒီအျငင္းပြားဖြယ္ ေရကာတာနဲ႔ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ယခင္အခ်ိန္ကေရာ၊ အခုအခ်ိန္အထိပါ ျမန္မာအစိုးရအဖြဲ႔၀င္ေတြနဲ႔ တ႐ုတ္ကုမၼဏီအၾကား လွ်ိဳ႕၀ွက္ညိွႏိႈင္းမႈေတြ ရိွခဲ့ပါတယ္။ သေဘာတူညီခ်က္ပါ တခ်ိဳ႕အခ်က္ေတြကို ဦးသိန္းစိန္ သိပံုမေပၚပါဘူး။ ဆိုေတာ့ ဒီကိစၥႀကီးက ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ကိစၥရပ္ႀကီးတခု ျဖစ္လာၿပီး ဦးသိန္းစိန္ရွာေနတဲ့ က်ည္ဆန္တေတာင့္ ျဖစ္လာတာေပါ့။ ျမစ္ဆံုေရကာတာကိစၥက ကခ်င္ျပည္သူေတြတင္မကဘဲ ျမန္မာတမ်ိဳးသားလံုးနဲ႔ပါ သက္ဆိုင္တယ္။ ဒီလိုကိစၥမ်ိဳးေတြကေန အမ်ိဳးသားညီညြတ္ေရးကို တကယ္တမ္း တည္ေဆာက္ႏိုင္တယ္။ သမၼတရဲ႕ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ကို က်ေနာ့္အေနနဲ႔ ႀကိဳဆိုပါတယ္။ တ႐ုတ္က ၀င္ေရာက္စြက္ဖက္မယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္တို႔ မထင္ပါဘူး။ တ႐ုတ္က သူရဲ႕ပုဂၢလိက ကုမၸဏီတခု ပိုက္ဆံ ဆံုးရံႈးလို႔ မေပ်ာ္တာမဟုတ္ပါဘူး၊ အႏိုင္က်င့္စရာ တိုင္းျပည္တခု ဆံုး႐ႈံးသြားရေတာ့မွာေၾကာင့္ စိတ္မခ်မ္းမသာ ျဖစ္ေနပံုရပါတယ္။
ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္လို႔ကေတာ့ သမၼႀကီးအေနနဲ႔ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံရဲ႕ အခ်ဳပ္အခ်ာအာဏာကို ဆက္လက္ရွင္သန္ေစခ်င္တယ္၊ ကာကြယ္ခ်င္တယ္ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးဆိုတာကို သူ႔အေနနဲ႔ ေရွာင္လႊဲလို႔မရပါဘူး။ ေရွ႕ဆက္တိုးဖို႔အတြက္ တျခားနည္းလမ္းလည္း မရိွပါဘူး။ လူေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားက ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္လို႔ အဆိုးျမင္ေနၾကတုန္းပဲဗ်။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ဦးသိန္းစိန္ကေတာ့ စြန္႔စားမႈအမ်ားႀကီးယူၿပီး လူတိုင္းထင္ထားတာထက္ ပိုၿပီးလုပ္ျပေနတယ္။ အခုအခ်ိန္မွာ ရိွေနတဲ့အႏၲရာယ္က ဘာလဲဆိုေတာ့ လက္ရိွအေနအထားကို ဆက္ထိန္းထားလိုၿပီး အေျပာင္းအလဲကို မလိုလားတဲ့ ျပည္တြင္း၊ ျပည္ပ လူေတြဆီက ရလာႏိုင္တဲ့ လက္တုန္႔ျပန္ခ်က္ေတြပဲ။
ေမး ။ ။ ဥေရာပသမဂၢရဲ႕ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအေပၚမွာထားတဲ့ မူ၀ါဒက ေပ်ာ့ေျပာင္းလြန္းတယ္၊ ဘက္ေပါင္းစံုမဟုတ္ဘူး၊ တဖက္တည္းကျဖစ္ေနၿပီး၊ စစ္အစိုးရနဲ႔သူ႔ဘက္သားေတြ အလိုက် လုပ္ေပးေနတဲ့ မူ၀ါဒနီးပါးေတာင္ ျဖစ္ေနၿပီလို႔ တခ်ိဳ႕ လႈပ္ရွားတက္ႂကြသူေတြ၊ အတိုက္အခံေတြက ယံုၾကည္ပါတယ္။ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအေပၚမွာထားရိွတဲ့ ဥေရာပသမဂၢရဲ႕ မူ၀ါဒအေပၚမွာ ဘယ္လိုမ်ိဳးအေျပာင္းအလဲ လုပ္သင့္တယ္လို႔ ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ထားပါသလဲ။ တခ်ိန္တည္းမွာပဲ အေမရိကန္ႏုိင္ငံကလည္း ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအေပၚထားရိွတဲ့ ဘ႑ာေရးအကူအညီ ကန္႔သတ္ခ်က္ေတြကို ေလွ်ာ့ေပးဖို႔ စဥ္းစားေနတယ္ဆိုၿပီး ယူဆခ်က္ေတြ ထြက္ေပၚေနပါတယ္။ အကယ္၍ အမ်ားက ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ထားသလို ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားေတြ အမ်ားႀကီး လႊတ္ေပးမယ္ဆိုရင္ အေနာက္ႏိုင္ငံေတြအေနနဲ႔ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအေပၚမွာ ထားရိွတဲ့ စီးပြားေရးပိတ္ဆို႔ အေရးယူမႈေတြကို ႐ုပ္သိမ္းေပးသင့္တဲ့ အခ်ိန္ေရာက္ၿပီလား။ ပိတ္ဆို႔မႈေတြ မ႐ုပ္သိမ္းဘဲနဲ႔ေရာ ဥေရာပသမဂၢနဲ႕ အေမရိကန္အစိုးရအနနဲ႔ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံရဲ႕ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရး အားထုတ္ခ်က္ေတြအေပၚ သူတို႔ကလည္း အေကာင္းျမင္ပါတယ္ဆိုတာကို ေနျပည္ေတာ္ကသိေအာင္ ဘယ္လိုအရာမ်ိဳးေတြ လုပ္ေဆာင္ေပးသင့္ပါသလဲ။ သိပ္မေ၀းေတာ့တဲ့ အနာဂတ္မွာ ႏိုင္ငံတကာေငြေၾကးရန္ပံုေငြအဖြဲ႔ (IMF) နဲ႔ ကမာၻ႔ဘဏ္ (World Bank) တို႔က ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံကို နည္းပညာနဲ႔ ေငြေၾကးအကူအညီေပးမယ္လို႔ ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ပါသလား။
ေျဖ ။ ။ လူတေယာက္က အားနည္းတယ္ဆိုရင္ သူ႔ကို အႏုိင္က်င့္မယ့္သူကို အႏိုင္လာမက်င့္ေအာင္လို႔ မ်က္ႏွာခ်ဳိေသြးႏိုင္တယ္။ အဲဒီ အယူအဆက ဥေရာပသမဂၢနဲ႔ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံကိစၥမွာေတာ့ မဆိုသေလာက္ပဲ မွန္ပါတယ္။ ဥေရာပသမဂၢ ရပ္တည္မႈအတြက္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ မလိုပါဘူး။ သူ႔မွာ ျမန္မာထက္ ပိုအားသာတဲ့အခ်က္ ဒုနဲ႔ေဒးပါပဲ။ ဘာေၾကာင့္ ဥေရာပသမဂၢက ျမန္မာႏိုင္င္ငံကို သြားေလခ်ိဳေသြးေနရမွာတုန္း။ အေနာက္ႏိုင္ငံအစိုးရမ်ားလိုပါပဲ၊ ၁၉၉၀ နဲ႔ သကၠရာဇ္ ၂၀၀၀ အေစာပိုင္းႏွစ္ေတြတုန္းက အတိုက္အခံေတြဆီကေန မူ၀ါဒအႀကံဉာဏ္ေတြ ေပးႏိုင္ေအာင္ ဥေရာပသမဂၢက လမ္းဖြင့္ေပးထားခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ႏွစ္ေပါင္း ၁၅ ႏွစ္ (ေရြးခ်ယ္ခံအစိုးရသက္တမ္း သံုးႀကိမ္၊ ေလးႀကိမ္ႏွင့္ ညီမွ်သည္) ၾကာလာတဲ့အခါမွာေတာ့ ဥေရာပသမဂၢကလည္း အတိုက္အခံေတြရဲ႕ မူ၀ါဒ ဘယ္ေလာက္ထိ အရာေရာက္သလဲ ဆိုတဲ့အေပၚ ေမးခြန္းေတြ စေမးလာပါေတာ့တယ္။ အတိုက္အခံေတြထားတဲ့ မူ၀ါဒက အဓိကအားျဖင့္ ျမန္မာစစ္အစိုးရနဲ႔ ထိပ္တိုက္ေတြ႔ေရး၊ စစ္အစိုးရကို အထီးက်န္ထားေရးပဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံက သူ႔ဟာသူ ပဋိပကၡနဲ႔ နပမ္းလံုးေနတဲ့အခ်ိန္မွာ ဥေရာပက မတူညီတာေတြကို ျပန္လည္ စုစည္းေနတဲ့အခ်ိန္၊ နယ္စပ္မ်ဥ္းေတြကို ဖြင့္ေပးေနတဲ့အခ်ိန္၊ ပဋိပကၡအမ်ားစုကို ေစ့စပ္ေဆြးေႏြးေရးနည္းလမ္းနဲ႔ ႀကိဳးစားေျဖရွင္းေနတဲ့အခ်ိန္ ဆိုတာကို က်ေနာ္တို႔ သတိခ်ပ္သင့္ပါတယ္။ ဥေရာပသမဂၢက ဒီမိုကရက္တစ္မူေတြ အေပၚမွာ အေျခခံၿပီး ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံဆိုင္ရာ သူ႔ကိုယ္ပိုင္မူ၀ါဒကို စတင္ေရးဆြဲလာပါတယ္။ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံမွာ ဒီမိုကေရစီ ဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳးလာေစဖို႔ ျပႆနာေတြကို ကူညီေျဖရွင္းေပးဖို႔ နည္းလမ္းေတြပါ ရွာေဖြလာပါတယ္။
ဥေရာပသမဂၢရဲ႕ အေရးယူမႈက ဘက္ေပါင္းစံုမဟုတ္ဘူးလို႔ ဘယ္သူမွ မစြပ္စြဲႏိုင္ပါဘူး။ မူ၀ါဒတခုရဖို႔ ႏွစ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာၾကာ အခ်ိန္ယူရပါတယ္။ ႏိုင္ငံေပါင္း ၂၇ ႏိုင္ငံရဲ႕ ေရြးေကာက္ခံ အစိုးရေတြအားလံုးက ခၽြင္းခ်က္မရိွ သေဘာတူရပါတယ္။ ဥေရာပသမဂၢတခုလံုးက ျမန္မာအတိုက္အခံကို ၁၀၀ ရာခုိင္ႏႈန္းအျပည့္အ၀ သေဘာတူတာ မဟုတ္ဘူး၊ အထူးသျဖင့္ ျပည္ပေရာက္ အတုိက္အခံေတြနဲ႔ေပါ့။ တခ်ိဳ႕က ေျပာၿပီေပါ့။ ဥေရာပသမဂၢရဲ႕ မူ၀ါဒက ဒီမိုကေရစီနဲ႔ လူ႔အခြင့္အေရးအေပၚမွာ ေပ်ာ့ေပ်ာင္းလြန္းတယ္၊ စစ္အစိုးရကို ခ်ဥ္းကပ္တဲ့အခါမွာ တျခားသူေတြထက္ပိုၿပီး ေပ်ာ့လြန္းတယ္ စသျဖင့္ေပါ့။ အဖြဲ႔၀င္အစိုးရေပါင္း ၂၇ ခုက သေဘာတူသည့္တိုင္ ဥေရာပသမဂၢ အေနနဲ႔ကေတာ့ ဒီမုိကေရစီ အေျခခံမူေတြကို ဘယ္ေတာ့မွ စြန္႔လႊတ္မွာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။ ဘာေၾကာင့္လဲဆိုေတာ့ ဥေရာပတိုက္သူတိုက္သားေတြက ဒီလိုလုပ္ရပ္မ်ိဳးကို ဘယ္ေတာ့မွ လက္ခံမွာ မဟုတ္လို႔ဘဲ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ဒီအေပၚမွာေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တို႔ စိတ္ခ်လက္ခ်ေနလို႔ရပါတယ္။ အဲဒီမွာ သူမ်ားကို မေ၀ဖန္ခင္ ပထမဦးဆံုးအေနနဲ႔ က်ေနာ္တို႔ကိုယ္က်ေနာ္တို႔ ေမးသင့္တာက က်ေနာ္တို႔ ကိုယ္တိုင္ကေရာ ဒီမိုကေရစီ က်ေနၿပီလားလို႔ပါ။
ဥေရာပသမဂၢအေနနဲ႔ ျမန္မာအစိုးရနဲ႔ ဆက္လက္ၿပီး ဆက္ဆံေနမယ္ ဆိုတာကိုေတာ့ က်ေနာ္ယံုၾကည္တယ္။ လူထုအေျချပဳ အဖြဲ႔အစည္းနဲ႔ လူထုအက်ိဳးျပဳလုပ္ငန္းေတြ (က်န္းမာေရး၊ ပညာေရး၊ အသက္ေမြး ၀မ္းေၾကာင္းမႈ၊ ဆင္းရဲႏြမ္းပါးမႈ ပေပ်ာက္ေရး၊ စီးပြားေရး၊ သဘာ၀ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ စသျဖင့္) ရဲ႕ လုပ္ႏိုင္စြမ္းေတြကို ကူညီျဖည့္ဆည္းေပးေနမွာပါ။ သေဘာတရားကဘာလဲဆိုေတာ့ အားေကာင္းတဲ့ လူထုအေျချပဳ လူအဖြဲ႔အစည္းမရိွဘဲ ျပည္သူ႔အခြင့္အေရးေတြကို ကာကြယ္ေပးႏိုင္မွာ မဟုတ္ဘူးဆိုတာပဲ။ အလားတူပါပဲ။ ျခစားမႈမရိွတဲ့ ပညာရွင္အရင္းခံ လူထုအက်ိဳးျပဳ၀န္ေဆာင္မႈေတြ မဟုတ္သေရြ႕ ဘယ္အစိုးရကမွ ျပည္သူ႔ထံကို မရိွမျဖစ္ ၀န္ေဆာင္မႈေတြ ေဆာင္းက်ဥ္းေပးႏိုင္မွာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။
ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲမႈေတြဟာ တကယ္စစ္မွန္တယ္လို႔ ဥေရာပသမဂၢက သေဘာက် ေက်နပ္တယ္ဆိုရင္ သူတို႔ ပိတ္ဆို႔မႈေတြ ဖယ္ရွားမွာပဲ။ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားေတြ လႊတ္ေပးျခင္းက သူတို႔ထည့္သြင္းစဥ္းစားမယ့္ အခ်က္ေတြထဲက တခ်က္ပဲ။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ပိတ္ဆို႔မႈတခုတည္းက ဥေရာပသမဂၢမူ၀ါဒရဲ႕ အဓိကအေရးပါတဲ့ အစိတ္အပိုင္းေတာ့ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။ အဓိကအခ်က္က ဘာလဲဆိုေတာ့ စစ္မွန္တဲ့ မူ၀ါဒဆိုင္ရာ ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ၊ ဒီမုိကေရစီက်တဲ့၊ တရားမွ်တ ပြင့္လင္းတဲ့ လူ႔အဖြဲ႔အစည္းတခု ျဖစ္လာေစေရး ပူးေပါင္းေဆာင္ရြက္ျခင္းေတြပါပဲ။ တကယ္ပဲ IMF နဲ႔ ကမာၻ႔ဘဏ္တို႔က ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံကို နည္းပညာနဲ႔ ေငြေၾကးအကူအညီ ေပးေကာင္းေပးႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ အေမရိကန္သမၼတ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲက ေရွ႕ႏွစ္မွာဆိုတာ့ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ မၿပီးမခ်င္း အေမရိကန္ဆီက အမ်ားႀကီးေမွ်ာ္လင့္လို႔ မရႏုိင္ဘူးလို႔ က်ေနာ္ထင္တယ္။ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံက သူတို႔အတြက္ အေရးတႀကီး ဦးစားေပးရမယ့္ကိစၥ မဟုတ္ဘူးေလ။
ေမး ။ ။ အရင္တုန္းက ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝက ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံအေပၚ စီးပြားေရးပိတ္ဆို႔အေရးယူမႈ မူ၀ါဒကို ေထာက္ခံပါတယ္။ အခုေတာ့ ထိေတြ႔ဆက္ဆံေရးဘက္ကို ပိုၿပီး ေထာက္ခံေနပံုေပါက္ေနပါတယ္။ ဘာေၾကာင့္ အဲဒီလို ေျပာင္းလဲသြားရတာပါလဲ။
ေျဖ ။ ။ ပိတ္ဆို႔အေရးယူမႈအေၾကာင္း ေဆြးေႏြးရင္ လူေတြမွာ စိတ္ခံစားခ်က္ေတြ ပါလာတတ္တယ္။ အမွားလုပ္တဲ့ လူေတြကို ဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳးတိုးတက္ခြင့္ ျပဳသင့္သလား၊ အျပစ္ေပးသင့္သလားဆိုၿပီး ေဆြးေႏြးျငင္းခံုပြဲ ျဖစ္လာပါတယ္။ သူတို႔အတြက္ အေရးယူပိတ္ဆို႔မႈဆိုတာ ဂုဏ္သိကၡာနဲ႔ သက္ဆုိင္တယ္လို႔ ထင္ပါတယ္။ ၁၉၉၀ အေစာပိုင္းႏွစ္ ပထမဦးဆံုးအႀကိမ္ က်ေနာ္တို႔ (ျပည္ေထာင္စုျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ အမ်ိဳးသားညြန္႔ေပါင္းအစိုးရ – NCGUB၊ ျပည္ေထာင္စုအမ်ိဳးသားေကာင္စီ – NCUB၊ အမ်ိဳးသား ဒီမုိကေရစီအဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ လြတ္ေျမာက္နယ္ေျမ – NLD-LA စသျဖင့္ေပါ့) ေဆြးေႏြးတုန္းက ပိတ္ဆို႔မႈကို ႏိုင္ငံေရးလက္နက္တခုအျဖစ္ ရႈျမင္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ အစိုးရ ေတာ္ေတာ္မ်ားမ်ားကလည္း ႏိုင္ငံေရးရည္မွန္းခ်က္ေတြ ေအာင္ျမင္ဖို႔ ပိတ္ဆို႔မႈေတြ ခ်မွတ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ေမးစရာရိွတာက အဲဒီရည္မွန္းခ်က္ကေရာ ေအာင္ျမင္ခဲ့လားေပါ့။ မဟုတ္ဘူးဆိုရင္ေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ဆက္မလုပ္သင့္ဘူးေပါ့။ ပိတ္ဆို႔မႈကို က်ေနာ္တို႔ တင္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဘာေၾကာင့္လဲဆိုေတာ့ စစ္အစိုးရကို ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္နဲ႔ စကားေျပာေစခ်င္လို႔ပါ။ အေပးအယူတခုေတာ့ရမယ္။ ဒီမိုကေရစီနဲ႔ လူ႔အခြင့္အေရးေတြလည္း ျပန္လည္ရရိွမယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ခဲ့ၾကတယ္။ အဓိကကေတာ့ စစ္ေရး ၀င္ေရာက္စြက္ဖက္မႈ (ဘယ္ေတာ့မွ ျဖစ္လာမွာလည္း မဟုတ္ပါဘူး) မလုပ္လို႔ကေတာ့ စစ္တပ္ကို အေပးအယူစားပြဲဆီ ေရာက္လာဖို႔ ဘယ္ေတာ့မွ လံုေလာက္တဲ့ဖိအား ျဖစ္လာမွာမဟုတ္ဘူး။ ပိတ္ဆို႔မႈေတြ ထပ္ခ်မယ္ဆိုရင္ အေပါက္ေပါက္ေနတဲ့ ပူေဖါင္းကို ေလျဖည့္ေနသလိုပဲ၊ ဘယ္ေတာ့မွ ျပည့္မွာမဟုတ္ဘူး။ ပိတ္ဆို႔မႈ ဖယ္ရွားၿပီးေတာ့ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီးေတြကို ေက်နပ္ေအာင္ မလုပ္ႏိုင္ပါဘူး။
ပိတ္ဆို႔မႈေတြက ႏိုင္ငံတကာအသိုင္းအ၀န္းကိုလည္း ခ်ိနဲ႔ေစတယ္။ ဘယ္သူကမွ ဦးစီးဦးေဆာင္ မလုပ္ရဲေတာ့ဘူး။ ဘာေၾကာင့္လဲဆိုေတာ့ စစ္အစိုးရကို ေထာက္ခံတယ္၊ ဒီမိုကေရစီမက်ဘူးဆိုၿပီး ေခါင္းစဥ္တပ္ခံရမွာစိုးလို႔။ အေျပာင္းအလဲေတြ ေဖာ္ေဆာင္တဲ့ေနရာမွာ ႏိုင္ငံတကာ အသိုင္းအ၀န္းကို တျခားနည္းလမ္းေတြမွာ ပိုၿပီး တက္တက္ႂကြႂကြ ပါ၀င္ေစလိုပါတယ္။ သူတို႔ကိုယ္တိုင္ ခ်ိနဲ႔ေနမယ္ဆိုရင္ က်ေနာ္တို႔အတြက္ အသံုးမ၀င္သလို ျမန္မာျပည္သူေတြအတြက္လည္း အကူအညီ မျဖစ္ပါဘူး။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ က်ေနာ္က ပိတ္ဆို႔မႈေတြကို မေထာက္ခံေတာ့တာပါ။ က်ေနာ္လိုခ်င္တဲ့အရာတခုကို က်ေနာ္တို႔လိုခ်င္တဲ့ ပံုစံအတိုင္း မရႏိုင္ေတာ့တဲ့အခါ ေပးလာတဲ့အေျခအေနေပၚမွာ အေျခခံၿပီး တျခားနည္းလမ္းတခုကို က်ေနာ္တို႔ရွာဖို႔လိုပါတယ္။ ဥပမာ ဦးသိန္းစိန္က ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္နဲ႔ စကားေျပာေနတယ္။ သူတို႔ႏွစ္ေယာက္ၾကားမွာ နားလည္မႈတစံုတရာ ရေနပံုရပါတယ္။ အေပးအယူလုပ္ဖို႔ ျပင္ဆင္ထားၿပီးပံုလည္း ရပါတယ္။ ဒါ က်ေနာ္တို႔ အရင္ကလိုခ်င္ခဲ့တဲ့အရာ မဟုတ္ဘူးလား။ ဒါေပမယ့္ က်ေနာ္တို႔ထဲက တခ်ိဳ႕သူေတြက ပိတ္ဆို႔မႈေတြ ပိုေတာင္းဆိုေနတယ္။ က်ေနာ္တို႔က ဘာလုိခ်င္တာလဲ။ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ႀကံဳရသမွ်အရာေတြဟာ က်ေနာ္တို႔အတြက္ အေရးပါသလား၊ မပါဘူးလားဆိုတာေတာင္ မသံုးသပ္ေတာ့ဘဲ က်ေနာ္တို႔က ခံစားတတ္လြန္း၊ မေကာင္းျမင္လြန္းတာ မ်ားေနပါတယ္။ ၂၀၀၅ ခုႏွစ္တုန္းက က်ေနာ္ေျပာခဲ့ဖူးပါတယ္။ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွာ တကယ္စစ္မွန္တဲ့ အေျပာင္းအလဲကို က်ေနာ္တို႔ လိုခ်င္တယ္ဆိုရင္ တပ္မေတာ္က အဲဒီအေျပာင္းအလဲေတြကို ဦးေဆာင္ရမယ္။ ဘာေၾကာင့္လဲဆိုေတာ့ သူ႔မွာ အာဏာရိွလို႔ပဲ။ အခု ဦးသိန္းစိန္အစိုးရက ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲမႈေတြကို ဦးေဆာင္လုပ္ေနၿပီ။ ဆိုေတာ့ စစ္မွန္တဲ့အေျပာင္းအလဲေတြ ျဖစ္လာမယ္၊ ေနာက္ဆံုးမွာ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွာ ဒီမိုကေရစီရလာမွာပါ။
ေမး ။ ။ မၾကာေသးမီက ျမန္မာအစိုးရခ်မွတ္ခဲ့တဲ့ ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ေတြကို ၾကည့္မယ္ဆိုရင္ အခုလက္ရိွအစိုးရဟာ အရင္ စစ္အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေရးကေန ဖြယ္ခြာလာၿပီလုိ႔ ရွင္းရွင္းလင္းလင္း ေတြ႔ႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ တိုင္းရင္းသားလူနည္းစု အေရးမွာေတာ့ တုိးတက္လာတာ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ဘာေၾကာင့္မေတြ႔ရေသးတာလဲ။ ျမန္မာျပည္ အေရွ႕ေျမာက္ဘက္ျခမ္းမွာရိွတဲ့ တိုင္းရင္းသားလက္နက္ကိုင္ အုပ္စုေတြနဲ႔ လက္နက္ကိုင္တုိက္ပြဲေတြကလည္း ဆက္ျဖစ္ေနတုန္းပဲ။ တိုင္းရင္းသားအေရးကိစၥ ေသေသခ်ာခ်ာ ေျဖရွင္းၿပီးတဲ့အခ်ိန္အထိ အေနာက္ႏုိင္ငံေတြအေနနဲ႔ ေနျပည္ေတာ္ရဲ႕ ေဆာင္ရြက္မႈေတြကို တက္တက္ႂကြႂကြ တုန္႔ျပန္တာက ပိုသင့္ေလ်ာ္တယ္လို႔ ထင္ပါသလား။ တိုင္းရင္းသားေဒသေတြမွာ လက္ရိွျဖစ္ေနတဲ့ လူ႔အခြင့္အေရး ခ်ိဳးေဖာက္မႈေတြအေပၚနဲ႔ စံုစမ္းစစ္ေဆးေရးေကာ္မရွင္ (CoI) ဖြဲ႔စည္းေပးေရး ေတာင္းဆိုမႈေတြအေပၚမွာ ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝ ဘယ္လို တုန္႔ျပန္ခ်င္ပါသလဲ။
ေျဖ ။ ။ ဘာေၾကာင့္ မတိုးတက္ေသးသလဲဆိုတာက ဒီျပႆနာေတြဟာ ပိုၿပီးနက္နဲတယ္၊ လူေတြ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ထားတာထက္ အားေတြပိုစိုက္ဖို႔လိုတယ္၊ အခ်ိန္ပိုယူဖို႔လိုတာေၾကာင့္ပါ။ ဆယ္စုႏွစ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာၾကာ တည္ရိွခဲ့တဲ့ ႏွိပ္စက္မႈေတြ၊ ဒုကၡခံစားမႈေတြ ေက်ာ္လြန္ဖို႔ ယံုၾကည္မႈ၊ စိတ္ခ်မႈေတြ တည္ေဆာက္ဖို႔ လိုပါတယ္။ အစိုးရစစ္သားေတြဟာ တိုင္းရင္းသားလူမ်ိဳးေတြကို ဆက္ဆံတဲ့အခါမွာ ဥေပဒအရ ကင္းလြတ္ခြင့္အျပည့္နဲ႔ ေဆာင္ရြက္တယ္ဆိုတဲ့ အခ်က္ကိုေတာ့ အစိုးရအေနနဲ႔ ႐ိုး႐ိုးသားသား အသိအမွတ္ျပဳဖို႔လိုပါတယ္။ အက်ဥ္းေထာင္ေတြထဲက တုိင္းရင္းသားေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြကို လႊတ္ေပးျခင္းအားျဖင့္ ျပန္လည္ကုစားျခင္း လုပ္ငန္းစဥ္ကို သူတို႔အေနနဲ႔ ကူညီေပးႏိုင္မွာျဖစ္သလို ျပႆနာေတြ ေျဖရွင္းတဲ့အခါမွာလည္း ၀ိုင္း၀န္း ပံ့ပိုးေပးသြားႏိုင္မွာပါ။ ေနျပည္ေတာ္အေနနဲ႔ လုပ္ႏိုင္တာေတြ အမ်ားႀကီးပါ။ ျမစ္ဆံုေရကာတာကိစၥကို ဦးသိန္းစိန္ လုပ္သလိုမ်ိဳး သူတို႔ကုိယ္ပိုင္ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္နဲ႔ လုပ္မယ္ဆို ပိုၿပီးထိေရာက္မွာပါ။ အေနာက္ႏိုင္ငံေတြက ဒါမွမဟုတ္ တျခားႏိုင္ငံျခား အစိုးရေတြက ပါ၀င္ေဆာင္ရြက္တာထက္ သူ႔တို႔ကိုယ္တိုင္ ေဆာင္ရြက္တာက ပိုၿပီးထိေရာက္မွာပါ။ ႏိုင္ငံတကာ အသိုင္းအ၀န္းအေနနဲ႔ ႏွစ္ဖက္စလံုးကို ညိွႏိႈင္းဖို႔ တြန္းအားေပးတဲ့ေနရာမွာ၊ ၿပီးေတာ့ စစ္ေရးလုပ္ငန္းေတြကို စြန္႔ခြာတဲ့ လုပ္ငန္းစဥ္တခုလံုးအတြက္ နည္းပညာအကူအညီနဲ႔ အေထာက္အပံ့ေတြ ပံ့ပိုးတဲ့ေနရာမွာ ကူညီေပးႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ စံုစမ္းစစ္ေဆးေရးေကာ္မရွင္ဆိုတာ ျဖစ္လာမယ့္ဟာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။ အခုကာလက က်ေနာ္တို႔အေနနဲ႔ သီအိုရီ ျဖစ္ႏိုင္ေျခေတြဆိုတာထက္ လက္ေတြ႔က်တဲ့ အဆင့္ေတြကိုပဲ အာ႐ံုစိုက္သင့္ပါတယ္။
ေမး ။ ။ အကယ္၍ တေန႔မွာ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံဟာ ပြင့္လင္းလာၿပီဆိုပါေတာ့။ ပြင့္လင္းလာတဲ့ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွာ ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝ အေနနဲ႔ေရာ၊ ဦးဟန္ေညာင္ေဝရဲ႕ အဖြဲ႔အစည္းအေနနဲ႔ပါ ဘယ္လိုအခန္းက႑ကေန ပါ၀င္လုိပါသလဲ။
ေျဖ ။ ။ ဥေရာပ ျမန္မာ႐ံုးက ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံတြင္း လူငယ္မ်ိဳးဆက္သစ္နဲ႔ လူထုအေျချပဳအဖြဲ႔အစည္းေတြရဲ႕ လုပ္ႏိုင္စြမ္းေတြ ျမွင့္တင္ေပးတဲ့က႑မွာ ပါ၀င္ေဆာင္ရြက္ေနပါတယ္။ ဒါ့အျပင္ မတူညီတဲ့ တိုင္းရင္းသားအုပ္စုေတြအၾကား နားလည္မႈေတြ တည္ေဆာက္ေပးတဲ့လုပ္ငန္းေတြ၊ လက္နက္နဲ႔ ေျဖရွင္းတဲ့နည္းလမ္းအစား ေတြ႔ဆံုေဆြးေႏြးေရး၊ ေစ့စပ္ညိွႏိႈင္းေရးကတဆင့္ ျပႆနာေတြကို အတူတကြ ေျဖရွင္းတဲ့နည္းလမ္းေတြကို လူထုအၾကား ပညာေပးျခင္း စတဲ့ လုပ္ငန္းေတြမွာလည္း က်ေနာ္တို႔ ပါ၀င္ေဆာင္ရြက္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ေယဘုယ်အေနနဲ႔ ၾကည့္မယ္ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံသားေတြနဲ႔ ႏိုင္ငံတကာအသိုင္းအ၀န္းအၾကား က်ေနာ္တို႔ ေပါင္းကူးေပးႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ အကယ္၍ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံက ပြင့္လင္းလာၿပီဆိုရင္ေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တို႔အလုပ္ေတြကို ပိုၿပီး ထိထိေရာက္ေရာက္ လုပ္ႏိုင္လာမွာပါ။ ။
Credit: Irrawaddy News
အမ်ဳိးသားဒီမုိကေရစီအဖဲြ႕ခ်ဳပ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္နဲ႔ ျပည္ေထာင္စုဝန္ႀကီး ဦးေအာင္ၾကည္တုိ႔ ေအာက္တုိဘာ ၃၀ ရက္ ဒီကေန႔ ေန႔လယ္ ၁း၀၀ ကေန ၁း၅၅ အထိ စိမ္းလဲ့ကန္သာ အစုိးရဧည့္ေဂဟာမွာ စတုတၳ အႀကိမ္ေျမာက္ ေတြ႕ဆုံခဲ့ၾကပါတယ္။
ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္က လုိအပ္သည္မ်ား ကူညီ ေဆာင္ရြက္ေပးေနသည့္ အေျခအေန၊ တုိင္းျပည္ စီးပြားေရး ဖြံ႕ၿဖဳိး တုိးတက္လာေစရန္ အတြက္ လြတ္လပ္စြာ ကုန္သြယ္ခြင့္၊ ကူးသန္းေရာင္းဝယ္ခြင့္ ရရွိေရးႏွင့္ လြတ္လပ္စြာ ေငြေၾကး လည္ပတ္ သုံးစဲြခြင့္ရရွိေရး၏ အေရးႀကီးမႈႏွင့္ ပတ္သတ္၍ အျမင္ခ်င္း ညီညီညြတ္ညြတ္ ဖလွယ္ခဲ့ၾကပါသည္။ ထုိ႔အျပင္ တုိင္းရင္းသား လက္နက္ကုိင္ အဖဲြ႕အစည္းမ်ားႏွင့္ ထာဝရၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရး ရရွိရန္ ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္က ေဆာင္ရြက္ေနမႈမ်ား၊ တုိးတက္ျဖစ္ထြန္းမႈ အေျခအေနမ်ားႏွင့္ လြတ္ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းသာခြင့္ ေပးသင့္သူမ်ား ကိစၥတုိ႔ကုိလည္း ေဆြးေႏြးခဲ့ၾကပါသည္။
Credit : Burma VJ Media Network
ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္က လုိအပ္သည္မ်ား ကူညီ ေဆာင္ရြက္ေပးေနသည့္ အေျခအေန၊ တုိင္းျပည္ စီးပြားေရး ဖြံ႕ၿဖဳိး တုိးတက္လာေစရန္ အတြက္ လြတ္လပ္စြာ ကုန္သြယ္ခြင့္၊ ကူးသန္းေရာင္းဝယ္ခြင့္ ရရွိေရးႏွင့္ လြတ္လပ္စြာ ေငြေၾကး လည္ပတ္ သုံးစဲြခြင့္ရရွိေရး၏ အေရးႀကီးမႈႏွင့္ ပတ္သတ္၍ အျမင္ခ်င္း ညီညီညြတ္ညြတ္ ဖလွယ္ခဲ့ၾကပါသည္။ ထုိ႔အျပင္ တုိင္းရင္းသား လက္နက္ကုိင္ အဖဲြ႕အစည္းမ်ားႏွင့္ ထာဝရၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရး ရရွိရန္ ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္က ေဆာင္ရြက္ေနမႈမ်ား၊ တုိးတက္ျဖစ္ထြန္းမႈ အေျခအေနမ်ားႏွင့္ လြတ္ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းသာခြင့္ ေပးသင့္သူမ်ား ကိစၥတုိ႔ကုိလည္း ေဆြးေႏြးခဲ့ၾကပါသည္။
Credit : Burma VJ Media Network
By SAW YAN NAING (Irrawaddy News)
As Indonesia's Foreign Minister Marty Natalegawa arrives in Burma on Friday on a visit deemed vital to advance Naypyidaw's bid to chair the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (Asean) in 2014, observers from both countries have called on the respective parties to use the trip as an opportunity for Indonesia to assist in settling Burma's ongoing conflict with ethnic minorities.
Burma's inability to end its ethnic conflicts---some of which have endured almost continuously for more than 60 years---is one of the priority issues on the agenda for the Indonesian foreign minister, alongside the release of political prisoners and democratic reform, as he schedules to meet Burma's President Thein Sein and opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi.
Indonesia, itself ruled by dictatorship when Suharto wielded power between 1967 and 1998, shares certain geopolitical similarities with Burma, one of which is its diversity of cultures, languages and religions.
Several observers concurred that Indonesia could lend advice to Burma's new government by recounting its own transition from authoritarian rule to democracy, as well as building peace with ethnic rebels---such as in th case of Jakarta's protracted war of 29 years with northern Sumatra's Free Aceh Movement.
Several experts who spoke to The Irrawaddy, echoed calls for Indonesia, as current chairman of Asean, to impose its authority by demanding Naypyidaw enact reforms because it is considered for the 2014 chairmanship, as well as using its experience to help facilitate democratization in Burma.
Most observers acknowledged that Burma's reforms must begin internally, but many also said that both the Burmese government and its pro-democracy opposition could benefit from Indonesia's support.
Ahead of the Indonesian foreign minister's trip, regional watchdog Asean Inter-Parliament Myanmar Caucus (AIPMC) called on leaders of the bloc nations to take the initiative in facilitating an inclusive peace process in Burma's troubled border areas.
"It is now time for Asean to bring about its potential---to effectively act in line with the principles of its Charter---and utilize this opportunity to support peace and stability in its member state," said the executive director of the AIPMC, Agung Putri Astrid, in a statement on Thursday.
Speaking to The Irrawaddy on Friday, Anggara, a human rights advocate and lawyer who is the executive director of Jakarta-based Indonesian Advocates Association, said, "In relation to the minorities, especially the ethnic groups, I think this is a good dialogue-building opportunity through the involvement of third parties, as we ourselves experienced when dealing with Aceh."
Burmese must show a willingness to unite, but at the same time recognize the differences in their cultural identity, and provide those ethnic groups with "Internal Self Determination," he said.
"However, this entire process should only be reached through dialogue between the central government and the ethnics groups," he said.
After Suharto was forced to step down in 1998, Indonesia passed several constitutional amendments to promote political and economic reforms, as well as human rights.
Constitutional changes in Indonesia only happened after the general election of 1999 when we amended our constitution four times, said Anggara.
He said that Burma must first promote the establishment of democratic institutions such as NGOs, political parties and the judiciary.
A law that guarantees press freedom in Burma is a bonus, he added.
As a multi-ethnic nation like Indonesia, Burma must also respect the diverse culture of its ethnic minorities, said various observers.
Between 35 and 40 percent of Burma's 55-million population is non-Burman---indigenous groups such as Karen, Shan, Karenni, Kachin, Mon, Chin and Arakanese, almost all of which have fought against the central government for independence or autonomy for decades.
In an interview with The Irrawaddy in Yogyakarta in 2010, Thung Ju Lan, a professor at the Research Center for Society and Culture (Indonesia Institute of Science), said, "We have to learn from each other. The first thing we need to do is try to understand the differences and respect them."
Aye Thar Aung, a Rangoon-based Arakanese politician said that real peace will not exist in Burma---a multi-ethnic nation---if the country keep neglecting the ethnic minority's rights.
He called for the declaration of a nationwide ceasefire and peace talks between the government and ethnic armed groups. He also called for a constitutional amendment that would give real authority to ethnic state leaders.
Another e-mail from Shaik Ubaid, New York, USA:
I am a physician and a human rights activist. I am greatly concerned about the persecution and ethnic cleansing of Rohingiya Muslims of Arakan. Does your vision include a pluralistic Burma with equal rights for all, including religious minorities?
Aung San Suu Kyi:
Democracy does mean pluralism and democracy means equal basic human rights for everybody. I am confident that we can build up a really strong and united Burma. The signs are all here.
In some ways, the sufferings we have undergone together have built up a tremendous feeling of trust among each other. Our sufferings have united us. I think the world has opened up in such a way that different cultures are able to reach across to each other.
We all live in the same country - we have lived in the same country for centuries and because we have lived together so closely, we have had our problems. You have more problems with your neighbours than with people who live very far away from you - that's only natural. But I think we can also learn to be very, very good neighbours in the same way because we all live in this country we can learn to be very good and loving towards each other. We can learn to trust each other, we can learn to work together, we can learn to live together and I think that learning process has already begun.
I am a physician and a human rights activist. I am greatly concerned about the persecution and ethnic cleansing of Rohingiya Muslims of Arakan. Does your vision include a pluralistic Burma with equal rights for all, including religious minorities?
Aung San Suu Kyi:
Democracy does mean pluralism and democracy means equal basic human rights for everybody. I am confident that we can build up a really strong and united Burma. The signs are all here.
In some ways, the sufferings we have undergone together have built up a tremendous feeling of trust among each other. Our sufferings have united us. I think the world has opened up in such a way that different cultures are able to reach across to each other.
We all live in the same country - we have lived in the same country for centuries and because we have lived together so closely, we have had our problems. You have more problems with your neighbours than with people who live very far away from you - that's only natural. But I think we can also learn to be very, very good neighbours in the same way because we all live in this country we can learn to be very good and loving towards each other. We can learn to trust each other, we can learn to work together, we can learn to live together and I think that learning process has already begun.
More than 40% of people living in Burma belong to one of the military-ruled nation's different minority groups. The government recognises eight distinct ethnic groups, with dozens of sub-groups, but refuses to acknowledge others.
As the country holds its first elections in 20 years, the BBC profiles some of the main minority groups. Click on each image to find out more.
Continue reading the main storyUpdate 28 October 2011: The map on this story has been updated to include a section on the Rakhine people. We have also changed the text to make a distinction between ethnic groups and minority groups.
Statement by Ambassador Ronald Goddard, at the 66th UN General Assembly - Third Committee Item 69 (b) and (c) - Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, October 26, 2011
Ambassador Ronald Goddard
New York, NY
October 26, 2011
AS DELIVERED
Thank you, Mr. President.
Last year, the United States joined over 60 other governments to establish through the Human Rights Council the mandate for the Special Rapporteur for the Rights of Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association. These freedoms have always been central to healthy civil society and to the democratic process. New technologies such as the Internet and mobile phone networks help people to assemble and associate, both in person and online, and have become important tools for the exercise of these universal human rights. Unfortunately, some countries continue to deny their citizens these rights, both in the streets and online.
Syria has responded with violence to its citizens’ efforts to peacefully assemble and protest for their universal rights. The Asad regime has now reportedly killed more than 3,000 civilians and has arrested and detained roughly 30,000 individuals since protests began seven months ago. Activists report the government is increasingly targeting doctors and pharmacists for treating injured protestors and over 250 medical personnel have allegedly been arrested since the start of the unrest. Regime forces are responsible for mass arrests, torture, targeted killings, and arbitrary executions and detentions, including those aimed at young children - actions the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights has said may amount to crimes against humanity. Despite the Asad regime’s rhetoric of reform and dialogue, a number of people have been killed by Syrian security forces while in custody, including human rights activist Ghiyath Mattar, who was courageously committed to confronting the regime's despicable violence with peaceful protest.
Iran, through its security services, continues to quash freedom of assembly. The regime repressed all forms of opposition, precluding accountability of its actions to its own citizens. It harassed, abused, intimidated, detained and sentenced human rights defenders, civil society actors, student activists, artists, and thousands of individuals without cause or due process of law, including political leaders Mir Houseein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi and their wives. It jailed journalists, prosecuted human rights attorneys, executed political prisoners, and continues to hold more than 100 juveniles on death row, in contravention of the UN conventions to which it is a party. Iran has extended the repression to the exercise of rights online: it blocks access to thousands of websites, jails opposition bloggers, and monitors individuals’ private Internet communications to collect information to support interrogations and fabricate criminal charges. Iran continued to abuse members of ethnic and religious minorities, repressing their practice of faith, denying them their right to equal treatment, and sentencing some to death for their religious beliefs, such as Pastor Nadarkhani. One hundred members of the Baha’i community are currently in jail, along with many others of oppressed religious sects.
Burma subjects members of ethnic and religious minorities, particularly the Muslim Rohingya, to unique discrimination. While we welcome the recent release of some political prisoners, the government continues to hold a high number of others who should also be released, and ongoing attacks against ethnic minority populations have resulted in the displacement of thousands of Burmese in Burma, along its borders, and in the region over the past five decades. The Burmese government targets political activists and censors the media. Internet users face up to 15 years imprisonment for sending or receiving some types of messages, such as those deemed damaging to the national culture. Burma is currently moving forward with labor law reform, which we hope will comply with ILO standards, but it continues to jail trade unionists for trying to organize and advance worker rights.
The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea maintains draconian controls over almost all aspects of citizens’ lives. It denies citizens the freedoms of religion, expression, assembly, association and movement and fails to respect worker’s rights. It severely restricts the flow of independent information into, out of, and within the country, including on the Internet. The tight controls on access to information and restrictions on freedom of movement make it unlikely and difficult for North Koreans to form associations or assemble in an organized fashion.
In Cuba, we note with sadness the passing of Laura Pollan, founder of the Damas de Blanco who continue to fight for not only the right to peacefully assemble, but for the rights and freedom of political prisoners. The Cuban authorities actively target the Damas for harassment, prevent free assembly of the Damas and other groups through house detention without due process, and employ mobs that frequently use violence to disrupt peaceful demonstrations. Earlier this year, the regime reacted with increased harassment and violence as the Damas sought to expand their movement. We also note with sadness the continued incarceration in Cuba of Alan Gross, a 62-year-old American, who has been unjustly imprisoned for over 22 months for helping improve the internet connectivity and facilitate the free flow of information to, from and among the Cuban people. Cuba has kept this innocent man in jail despite his own fragile health and that of a daughter suffering from cancer. We call for the immediate and unconditional release of Alan Gross.
Finally, before closing, Mr. President, while we welcome China’s increasingly important role on the world stage, we note that China harasses and detains its citizens expressing dissenting viewpoints both individually and collectively, labeling them as dangers to state security or even as terrorists. It has imprisoned Nobel Peace Prize laureate Liu Xiaobo, who helped draft and organize signatures for Charter 08 which peacefully advocated for reforms. It blocks many social networking sites and Internet searches of subjects deemed sensitive, and detains citizens for posting content that the government finds objectionable. Civil society organizations operate only under tight controls. Workers cannot form independent unions. Unregistered religious groups cannot gather together to worship as they see fit. Authorities detained leaders of the Shouwang Church in Beijing when their congregation resorted to outdoor meetings. They maintain restrictive policies that threaten the unique religious, cultural and linguistic identity of Tibetans. The government also strictly regulates religious activities of Uighur Muslims in Xinjiang, including making it impossible for some to travel for the Hajj. And new regulations dramatically expand government control over religious life and practice.
Mr. President, the United States hopes that the work done here at the United Nations will help human rights defenders across the globe know that we stand with them.
Thank you.
Credit : US of UN
By ဗိုလ္မႉးေအာင္လင္းထြဋ္
ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေအာင္ဆန္း ႏွင့္ အာဇာနည္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ႀကီးမ်ား က်ဆုံးသြားခ့ဲျပီးေသာ ေနာက္ပိုင္းမွစ၍ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္တို႔ ခ်မွတ္ခ့ဲေသာ လမ္းစဥ္မ်ားက ိုႏိုင္ငံေရးသမားမ်ား တိုင္းရင္းသားေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ား တပ္မေတာ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ား သည္ မိမိတို႔လိုသလိုသာအသုံးခ်ခ့ဲႀကျပီး ေခတ္အဆက္ဆက္ ယေန႔အထိတိုင္ေအာင္တိုင္းသူျပည္သားမ်ားကိုဓါးစာခံအျဖစ္အသုံးခ်ေနဆဲျဖစ္ေနသည္ကိုေတြ႔ျမင္ေနရမည္ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ တစ္ေန႔ကလြတ္ေျမာက္လာေသာ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသား ကမၻာေက်ာ္ ဟာသ သရုပ္ေဆာင္ ကိုဇာဂနာ ေျပာခ့ဲသလိုဆိုမာလီပင္လယ္ဓါးျမမ်ားက့ဲသို႔အစိုးရသည္ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားမ်ားကိုျပန္ေပးဆြဲထားျပီး သူတို႔လိုခ်င္တာကိုရမွ လိုသေလာက္သူတို႔အိပ္ ကပ္ထဲကထုတ္ေပးေနတာကိုေတြ႔ျမင္ရမည္ျဖစ္ပါသည္။
ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေအာင္ဆန္း ႏွင့္ အာဇာနည္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ႀကီးမ်ား က်ဆုံးသြားခ့ဲျပီးေသာ ေနာက္ပိုင္းမွစ၍ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္တို႔ ခ်မွတ္ခ့ဲေသာ လမ္းစဥ္မ်ားက ိုႏိုင္ငံေရးသမားမ်ား တိုင္းရင္းသားေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ား တပ္မေတာ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ား သည္ မိမိတို႔လိုသလိုသာအသုံးခ်ခ့ဲႀကျပီး ေခတ္အဆက္ဆက္ ယေန႔အထိတိုင္ေအာင္တိုင္းသူျပည္သားမ်ားကိုဓါးစာခံအျဖစ္အသုံးခ်ေနဆဲျဖစ္ေနသည္ကိုေတြ႔ျမင္ေနရမည္ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ တစ္ေန႔ကလြတ္ေျမာက္လာေသာ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသား ကမၻာေက်ာ္ ဟာသ သရုပ္ေဆာင္ ကိုဇာဂနာ ေျပာခ့ဲသလိုဆိုမာလီပင္လယ္ဓါးျမမ်ားက့ဲသို႔အစိုးရသည္ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားမ်ားကိုျပန္ေပးဆြဲထားျပီး သူတို႔လိုခ်င္တာကိုရမွ လိုသေလာက္သူတို႔အိပ္ ကပ္ထဲကထုတ္ေပးေနတာကိုေတြ႔ျမင္ရမည္ျဖစ္ပါသည္။
စာေရးသူအေနျဖင့္၁၉၈၈ခုႏွစ္ ျပည္လံုးက်ြတ္လူထုဆႏၵျပပြဲေနာက္ပိုင္းတပ္မေတာ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ား၏ ႏိုင္ငံေရး ကစားကြက္မ်ားကိုေလ့လာတင္ျပလိုပါသည္။ ၈၈၈၈ ေလးလုံးအေရးခင္းကို စက္တင္ဘာလ ၁၈ ရက္ စစ္တပ္ အာဏာသိမ္းစဥ္ ပါတီစုံေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ က်င္းပျပဳေပးျပီး တပ္မေတာ္သည္စစ္တန္းလ်ားျပန္မည္ဟူေသာ ေႀကျငာခ်က္ျဖင့္ ႏိုင္ငံေရးေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ား ႏွင့္ ျပည္သူျပည္သားမ်ားကို ေခြ်းသိပ္ေစခ့ဲျပီး နဝတ သည္ အႀကမ္း အႏုနည္းမ်ားကိုသုံး၍ ျဖိဳခြဲခ့ဲပါသည္။
တစ္ဘက္မွ မက္လုံးေပးေသာစကားကိုသံုးျပီးအျခားတစ္ဘက္တြင္ လည္း ေက်ာင္းသားေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ား သေဘာထားျပင္းထန္ေသာႏိုင္ငံေရးေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားကို စစ္ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးမွ လိုက္လံဖမ္းဆီးျပီး အက်ဥ္းေထာင္မ်ားအတြင္းထည္႔ခ့ဲႀကရပါသည္။ ေနာက္ဆုံး ဒီမိုကေရစီေခါင္ေဆာင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ ကိုပါဖမ္းဆီးျပီးေနအိမ္အက်ယ္ခ်ဳပ္ခ်ခ့ဲသည္ကိုေတြ႔ျမင္ရမည္ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ ၁၉၉၀-၁၉၉၁ ခုႏွစ္ ကာလမ်ားအတြင္း ေက်ာင္းသားလွဳပ္ရွားမွဳမ်ားတြင္ပါဝင္ေသာ ေက်ာင္းသားေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားကို ဖမ္းဆီးခိုင္းခ့ဲျပီး ေအ အဆင့္ကို ေထာင္အႏွစ္ ၂၀ ႏွစ္ ၊ ဘီ အဆင့္ကို ေထာင္အႏွစ္ ၇ ႏွစ္ မွ ၁၀ ႏွစ္ ၊ စီ အဆင့္ကို ေထာင္အႏွစ္ ၃ ႏွစ္ မွ ၅ ႏွစ္ သတ္မွတ္ေပးျပီး ေထာင္ခ်ခိုင္းခ့ဲပါသည္။ အထက္ပါခ်ိန္ကာလေလာက္ ကတည္းက ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ အပါအဝင္ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားမ်ား သည္စစ္အာဏာာရွင္ႀကီးမ်ား၏ လိုသလိုအသုံးခ်ခံရမည္႔ ဓါးစာခံ မ်ားျဖစ္လာရပါသည္။ စစ္ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးတို႔အေနျဖင့္ အက်ဥ္းသား ႏိုင္ငံေရးသမားတို႔ကို လစဥ္ပံုမွန္ေတြ႔ဆံုျပီး စစ္တပ္၏လုပ္ေဆာင္ခ်က္ကို ေထာက္ခံရန္ မက္လုံးေပးျပီးစည္းရုံး ခ့ဲရပါသည္။ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားမ်ား ႏွင့္ေတြ႔ဆုံမွဳအစီရင္ခံစာကို အထက္ဌာနမ်ားသို႔ စစ္ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးမွ ပံုမွန္တင္ျပခ့ဲရပါသည္။ ထိုအခ်ိန္ကာလက ယေန႔က့ဲသို႔ နယ္အက်ဥ္းေထာင္မ်ားသို႔ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားမ်ား ကိုပို႔ေဆာင္ခ်ဳပ္ေႏွာင္ျခင္းမရွိဘဲ အင္စိန္အက်ဥ္းေထာင္တြင္သာထားျပီး ေခါင္းေဆာင္ပိုင္းကို အထူးေဆာင္ ႏွင့္ သီးသန္႔ေဆာင္မ်ားတြင္ထားပါသည္။ထိုစဥ္အခ်ိန္အခါကတည္းက အမ်ိဳးသားအေရးတြက္ အေႀကာင္း အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳး ေႀကာင့္ကိုယ့္အက်ိဳးမစြန္႔ႏိုင္သူမ်ားသည္စစ္အစိုးရကိုမခ်စ္ေသာလည္းေအာင့္ကာနမ္းခ့ဲႀကရပါသည္။ ေဒါင္ေဒါင္ ျမည္ႏိုင္ငံေရးေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားအေနျဖင့္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ ၊ ဦးဝင္းတင္ ႏွင့္ ကိုမင္းကိုႏိုင္ ႏွင့္ အဖြဲ႔ ေက်ာင္းသားေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားသာ တိုင္းျပည္အတြက္ဒီမိုကေရစီအေရး ယုံႀကည္ခ်က္ခံယူခ်က္ကို မေျပာင္းမလဲ ယေန႔တိုင္ ႀက့ံႀကံ့ခိုင္ရပ္တည္ခ့ဲႀကသူမ်ားျဖစ္ပါသည္။လက္ရွိအေနထားမွာပင္ကိုမင္းကိုႏိုင္ႏွင့္အဖြဲ႔ ေက်ာင္းသား ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ား စစ္အစိုးရ၏ ဓါးစာခံမ်ားအျဖစ္ရွိေနဆဲျဖစ္ေနပါသည္။
၂၀၀၀ခုႏွစ္ပတ္ဝန္းက်င္ကာလေလာက္မွစ၍စစ္အစိုးရသည္ႏိုင္ငံတကာႏိုင္ငံေရးကိုလစ္လ်ဴရွဳျပီး ျမန္မာ့ႏိုင္ငံ အေရးကိုထင္သလိုလုပ္၍မရမွန္းသိလာခ့ဲပါသည္။ ႏိုင္ငံတကာတြင္ လူ႔အခြင့္အေရးခ်ိဳးေဖါက္မွဳဂုဏ္သတင္း သည္ေပၚလြင္ထင္ရွားလာျပီး ကုလသမဂၢအပါဝင္ အင္အားႀကီးႏိုင္ငံမ်ား၏ ဖိအားေပးမွဳႀကီးထြားလာမွဳႏွင့္ ရင္ဆိုင္ခ့ဲရပါသည္။
ဖိအားေပးမွဳမ်ားအထဲတြင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ ႏွင့္ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားလြတ္ေျမာက္ ေရးသည္ အဓိကအခ်က္တစ္ခုအေနျဖင့္ပါခ့ဲပါသည္။ ထို႔ေႀကာင့္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ အား ၂၀၀၀ ခုႏွစ္ အတြင္း လွ်ိဳ႔ဝွက္ေတြ႔ဆံုေဆြးေႏြးခ့ဲရသလို အျခားတစ္ဖက္တြင္လည္း Lobby Group ငွါး၍ အေမရိကန္ အစိုးရကို ခ်ဥ္းကပ္ခ့ဲရပါသည္။ထိုကာလအတြင္းျပည္သူ႔လႊတ္ေတာ္ကိုယ္စားျပဳေကာ္မတီဖြဲ႔စည္းမွဳႏွင့္ပတ္သက္ ၍ထိန္းသိမ္းထားသူမ်ားျပန္လည္လႊတ္ေပးျပီး ျပည္တြင္းျပည္ပတြင္ စစ္အစိုးရမွသေဘာထားႀကီးသေရာင္ ျပ ခ့ဲ ပါသည္။အမွန္တစ္ကယ္ေတာ့ စစ္အစိုးရအေနျဖင ့္ျမန္မာ့ႏိုင္ငံေရးေရွ႔ဆက္တိုးႏိုင္ဘို႔ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ မပါလွ်င္အလုပ္မျဖစ္ႏိုင္ဟုသိရွိထား၍လည္းျဖစ္ပါသည္။ထို႔ေႀကာင့္၂၀၀၂ ခုႏွစ္ေမလတြင္D C I Lobby Group အစီအစဥ္ျဖင့္စစ္ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးဗိုလ္မႉးခ်ဳပ္ေက်ာ္သိန္းႏွင့္မူးရစ္ေဆးဝါးႏွိမ္နင္းေရးမွ ရဲမႉးႀကီးခမ္းေအာင္ တို႔ အေမရိကန္ႏိုင္ငံ ဝါရွင္တန္ျမိဳ႔ကို လာေရာက္ျပီးေနာက္ ဝါရွင္တန္ျမိဳ႔ ျမန္မာသံရုံးမွေန၍ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ ကိုလႊတ္ေပးေႀကာင္းကို သတင္းအေစာဆုံးေႀကညာခ်က္ထုတ္ျပန္ေပးခ့ဲရပါသည္။ ထိုစဥ္အခိ်န္အခါကလည္း ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ ႏွင့္ ႏိုင္ငံေရးေခါင္းေဆာင္အခ်ိဳ႔ကို စစ္အစိုးရအေနျဖင့္ အသုံးခ်ခ့ဲေသာလည္း စိတ္ရင္း ေစတနာမမွန္ စိတ္ေကာင္းႏွစ္လုံးေကာင္းမရွိခ့ဲ၍ ဒီပဲရင္း အေရးအခင္းျဖင့္ အဆုံးသတ္ခ့ဲရပါသည္။
၂၀၀၃ခုႏွစ္ဒီပဲရင္းအေရးခင္းလူသတ္ပြဲႀကီးျပီးေနာက္ႏိုင္ငံတကာ၏ျပင္းထန္စြာရွဳပ္ခ်မွဳမ်ားနွင့္ပိတ္စို႔ အေရးယူမွဳ မ်ားထပ္မံျဖစ္ပြါးခ့ဲျပီးေနာက္ တစ္ဖန္ ျပန္ျပီး ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ ကိုခ်ဥ္းကပ္ခ့ဲရျပန္ပါသည္။ ဝန္ႀကီးတစ္ဦး ကိုေခါင္းေဆာင္ တာဝန္ေပးအဖြဲ႔တစ္ဖြဲ႔ ဖြဲ႔ေစျပီး ေစ့စပ္ေဆြးေႏြးမွဳမ်ားလုပ္ခ့ဲႀကသည္။ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသား လႊတ္ေပးေရး ၊ အမ်ိဳးသားညီလာခံမူအခ်က္အလက္အခ်ိဳ႔ ျပန္လည္ေဆြးေႏြးခြင့္ျပဳေရး ၊ ၁၉၉၀ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ ႏိုင္ NLD ကိုအသိအမွတ္ျပဳေရး တို႔သည္အဓိကအခ်က္မ်ားအေနျဖင့္ ေဆြးေႏြးခ့ဲႀကဘူးပါသည္။ ထိုစဥ္ကလည္း နာလည္မွဳတစ္စုံတစ္ရာ ရခ့ဲျပီးကာမွ ရက္ပိုင္းအလိုမွာ NLD အမ်ိဳးသားညီလာခံတက္ျပီးမွ အေျခအေနႀကည္႔ျပီး ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ ႏွင့္ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားအားလုံးျပန္လႊတ္ေပးမည္ဟု ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီးသန္းေရႊ ၏တိုက္ ရိုက္ျပင္ဆင္အမိန္႔ေႀကာင့္ ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲပ်က္ခ့ဲရဘူးပါသည္။ ယေန႔အခိ်န္အခါတြင္လည္း ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသား အေရးသည္ ကိုဇာဂနာ ေျပာသလို “ကိုယ္႔အိပ္ထဲကေပးရတာက်ေနတာဘဲ အကုန္လုံးလႊတ္ေတာ့ဘာျဖစ္လဲ” ျဖစ္ေနပါသည္။ တစ္ကယ္ေတာ့ ဦးသိန္းစိန္ အစိုးရလည္း ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီးသန္းေရႊ တုံးကလိုမ်ား ႏိုင္ငံေရး အက်ဥ္းသားမ်ား ကို ဓါးစာခံအျဖစ္ လုပ္ေနျပီလာလို႔ သံသယဝင္ခ့ဲမိပါတယ္။
၂၀၀၃ခုႏွစ္ဒီပဲရင္းအေရးခင္းလူသတ္ပြဲႀကီးျပီးေနာက္ႏိုင္ငံတကာ၏ျပင္းထန္စြာရွဳပ္ခ်မွဳမ်ားနွင့္ပိတ္စို႔ အေရးယူမွဳ မ်ားထပ္မံျဖစ္ပြါးခ့ဲျပီးေနာက္ တစ္ဖန္ ျပန္ျပီး ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ ကိုခ်ဥ္းကပ္ခ့ဲရျပန္ပါသည္။ ဝန္ႀကီးတစ္ဦး ကိုေခါင္းေဆာင္ တာဝန္ေပးအဖြဲ႔တစ္ဖြဲ႔ ဖြဲ႔ေစျပီး ေစ့စပ္ေဆြးေႏြးမွဳမ်ားလုပ္ခ့ဲႀကသည္။ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသား လႊတ္ေပးေရး ၊ အမ်ိဳးသားညီလာခံမူအခ်က္အလက္အခ်ိဳ႔ ျပန္လည္ေဆြးေႏြးခြင့္ျပဳေရး ၊ ၁၉၉၀ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ ႏိုင္ NLD ကိုအသိအမွတ္ျပဳေရး တို႔သည္အဓိကအခ်က္မ်ားအေနျဖင့္ ေဆြးေႏြးခ့ဲႀကဘူးပါသည္။ ထိုစဥ္ကလည္း နာလည္မွဳတစ္စုံတစ္ရာ ရခ့ဲျပီးကာမွ ရက္ပိုင္းအလိုမွာ NLD အမ်ိဳးသားညီလာခံတက္ျပီးမွ အေျခအေနႀကည္႔ျပီး ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ ႏွင့္ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားအားလုံးျပန္လႊတ္ေပးမည္ဟု ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီးသန္းေရႊ ၏တိုက္ ရိုက္ျပင္ဆင္အမိန္႔ေႀကာင့္ ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲပ်က္ခ့ဲရဘူးပါသည္။ ယေန႔အခိ်န္အခါတြင္လည္း ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသား အေရးသည္ ကိုဇာဂနာ ေျပာသလို “ကိုယ္႔အိပ္ထဲကေပးရတာက်ေနတာဘဲ အကုန္လုံးလႊတ္ေတာ့ဘာျဖစ္လဲ” ျဖစ္ေနပါသည္။ တစ္ကယ္ေတာ့ ဦးသိန္းစိန္ အစိုးရလည္း ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီးသန္းေရႊ တုံးကလိုမ်ား ႏိုင္ငံေရး အက်ဥ္းသားမ်ား ကို ဓါးစာခံအျဖစ္ လုပ္ေနျပီလာလို႔ သံသယဝင္ခ့ဲမိပါတယ္။
စာေရးသူေလ့လာႀကားသိရတ့ဲအတည္ျပဳဆဲသတင္းေတြကိုေထာက္လွမ္းေရးမွန္းေျခဆြဲႀကည္႔ျပီး စာဖတ္သူမ်ား ကိုတင္ျပလိုပါသည္။ ေထာက္လွမ္းေရးသတင္းဆိုသည္႔ အဓိပၸါယ္ကိုဦးစြာရွင္းျပလိုပါသည္။ သတင္းဆိုတာ မွားသည္ျဖစ္ေစ မွန္သည္ျဖစ္ေစ တိက်သည္ျဖစ္ေစ မတိက်သည္ျဖစ္ေစ ခိုင္လုံသည္ျဖစ္ေစ မခိုင္လုံသည္ျဖစ္ ေစသတင္းျဖစ္ပါသည္။ ဒီသတင္းကိုမွ အေျခအျမစ္ေပါင္းစုံမွ အခ်က္အလက္ေပါင္းစုံစုစည္းျပီး အကဲျဖတ္ အနက္ေကာက္ သတင္းတည္ေဆာက္ျပီး သတင္းအဆင့္သတ္မွတ္ရပါသည္၊ သတင္းအဆင့္သတ္မွတ္ရာမွာ လည္း သတင္းျဖစ္ေပၚရာအေျခအျမစ္ ႏွင့္ သတင္း၏အမွားအမွန္ကိုေလ့လာသုံးသပ္ျပီးမွ အသုံးျပဳႏိုင္သည္႔ သတင္းတစ္ခုျဖစ္လာတာပါ။ စာေရးသူရရွိသည္႔ အတည္ျပဳဆဲသတင္းေတြအရ သမၼတ ဦးသိန္းစိန္ အေနျဖင့္ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးကို လုပ္ကိုလုပ္မွျဖစ္မည္လို႔ သေဘာထားရွိထားသူတစ္ဦးပါ။ ဒါေပမ့ဲတစ္ခ်ိန္တည္းမွာလည္း စစ္အစိုးရကာလဆရာသမားႀကီးမ်ား ႏွင့္ လုပ္ေဖၚကိုင္ဘက္မ်ားကို အကာကြယ္ေပးရမယ္ဆိုတ့ဲ စိတ္သေဘာ ထားရွိ ေနပါသည္။
ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးလုပ္ရာမွာလည္း ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ ႏွင့္ ပူးေပါင္းေရး ႏိုင္ငံေရး အက်ဥ္းသားအားလုံးလႊတ္ေပးေရးတို႔သည္ ျပည္တြင္းျပည္ပ ျမန္မာ့အေရးစိတ္ဝင္စားသူမ်ား၏ ေတာင္းဆိုခ်က္ မ်ားျဖစ္၍ လိုက္ေလ်ာရမည္ကိုနားလည္သလို ၄င္းဘက္တြင္လည္း စစ္အစိုးရကာလ လူ႔အခြင့္အေရးခ်ိဳးေဖါက္ခ့ဲ မွဳအေပၚ ကုလသမဂၢမွ Commission of Inquiry မဖြဲ႔ေရး ေနာက္ေႀကာင္းျပန္အေရးမယူေရးတို႔ အေပၚဘယ္သူ အာမခံခ်က္ေပးမွာလဲဆိုတာေတြအတြက္ ေခါင္းခဲေနရသည္႔အခ်က္တစ္ခ်က္ရွိပါသည္။ အဲဒီကိစၥေတြ နဲ႔ ဆက္ စပ္၍ တိုင္းရင္သားမ်ား ႏွင့္ ျငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရး ရယူဘို႔လည္းလိုေနပါသည္။ အားလုံးကိုျခံဳသုံးသပ္ရရင္ေတာ့ ဂုဏ္သိကၡာရွိသည္႔အစိုးရ ျဖစ္ဖို႔ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးလုပ္ဘို႔ မဟာဗ်ဴဟာတစ္ခုခ်ေဆာင္ရြက္ေနတယ္လို႔ေျပာရ မွာပါ။
ပထမဦးဆုံးအႀကံေပးအဖြဲ႔မ်ားကို ယခင္ေခတ္ကာလမ်ားႏွင့္မတူ အစိုးရ၏ေရွ႔တန္းတိုက္စစ္မႉးမ်ားအျဖစ္အသုံး ျပဳလာသည္ကိုေတြ႔ရပါသည္။ အဲဒီအထဲတြင္ ဒီမိုကေရစီေခါင္းေဆာင္ႏွင့္ရင္းႏွီးသူကိုထည္႔သြင္းဖြဲ႔စည္းျပီးခ်ဥ္း ကပ္ခ့ဲသည္ကိုေတြ႔ျမင္ရမည္ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ အဆိုပါပုဂၢိဳလ္မွတစ္ဆင့္ ႏိုင္ငံတစ္ကာအေရးကိစၥမ်ားႏွင့္ပတ္သက္ သည္႔ ႏိုင္ငံတကာေငြေႀကးရံပုံေငြအဖြဲ႔လာေရာက္ျခင္းကိစၥ ဥေရာပႏိုင္ငံအခ်ိဳ႔မွအကူအညီေပးေရးကိစၥ အာဆီယံ ကိစၥမ်ား ပူးေပါင္းေဆာင္ရြက္ေရးကမ္းလွမ္းမွဳမ်ားရွိခ့ဲပါသည္။ ၄င္းေနာက္ ဝန္ႀကီးဦးေအာင္ႀကည္ ႏွင့္ေတြ႔ဆုံ ခ့ဲျပီး ဆက္လက္၍မႀကာမွီ သမၼတႀကီးႏွင့္ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ ေတြ႔ဆံုခ့ဲသည္႔ အေျခအေနထိ ေရာက္ခ့ဲပါ သည္။ သမၼတဘက္မွ NLD ပါတီမွတ္ပုံတင္ျပီး လႊတ္ေတာ္အတြင္းႏိုင္ငံေရးုလုပ္ေစလိုျပီး ၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္အေျခခံ ဥပေဒ ကိုေလးစားေစလိုသည္႔ သေဘာထားျပခ့ဲပါသည္။ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ ဘက္မွလည္း ႏိုင္ငံေရး အက်ဥ္းသား အားလုံးလႊတ္ေပးေရး ၊ ၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္အေျခခံဥပေဒ ႏွင့္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲေကာ္မရွင္ဥပေဒ ကိစၥမ်ား ေထာက္ျပမွဳမ်ားရွိေနပါသည္။ ဧရာဝတီျမစ္စုံစီမံကိန္းကိစၥကေတာ့ မေမ်ာ္လင့္ဘဲေပၚလာေသာျပႆနာ တစ္ခု ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ သမၼတ အေနျဖင့္အဆိုပါအခြင့္အေရးကိုအသံုးျပဳ၍ ျပည္တြင္းျပည္ပ မွ၄င္း၏လုပ္ေဆာင္ခ်က္ အေပၚ ေထာက္ခံမွဳအမ်ားႀကီးရယူသြားခ့ဲပါသည္။ ဆက္လက္၍ အက်ဥ္းသား ( ၆၀၀၀ ) ေက်ာ္ကို လြတ္ ျငိမ္း ခ်မ္းသာခြင့္ ေပးမည္ဟုေႀကျငာခ့ဲပါသည္။
သို႔ေသာ္ ႏိုင္ငံေရး အရအဖမ္းခံထားရသူ (၂၀၀) ကိုသာလႊတ္ေပးခ့ဲသည႔္ အထဲထင္ရွားေသာ အႏုပညာသမား ကိုဇာဂနာ ႏွင့္ က်န္းမာေရးမေကာင္းသူ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေဆးထင္ကိုသာလႊတ္ေပးခ့ဲပါသည္။ တစ္ကယ့္ ႏိုင္ငံေရး သမားေက်ာင္းသားေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားကို ဆက္လက္ဖမ္းထားခ့ဲသည္။ ဓါးစာခံ မ်ားအျဖစ္ဖမ္းဆီး ထားသလိုျဖစ္ ေနပါသည္။ စာေရးသူေလ့လာသိရွိရသေလာက္ကေတာ့ သမၼတ ဦးသိန္းစိန္ NLD ထံမွတစ္စုံတစ္ခုျပန္လည္ ေမ်ာ္လင့္ေနသည္ဟုသိရပါသည္။ NLD အေနျဖင့္ ဆိုမာလီပင္လယ္ဓါးျမေတြန႔ဲတူသည္႔ အစိုးရဆီက ဓါးစားခံ ႏိုင္ငံေရး အက်ဥ္းသားအားလုံးကို အဖိုးအခဘယ္ေလာက္ေပးေရြးရမွာလည္းကိုေစာင့္ႀကည္႔ရပါဦးေတာ့မည္။ စာေရးသူအေနျဖင့္အႀကံျပဳလိုသည္မွာ စစ္အစိုးရတစ္ျဖစ္လဲအရပ္သားအစိုးရႏွင့္ ႏိုင္ငံေရးကစားပြဲမ်ားတြင္ မခံရေစေရး နည္းပရိယယ္ႀကြယ္ဝစြာျဖင့္ သတင္းလက္ဦးမွဳရယူျပီး တန္ျပန္ထိုးစစ္ဆင္ႏြဲသြားႏိုင္ပါမွေတာ္ယုံ ႀကမည္ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ တပ္မေတာ္ ႏွင့္ အစိုးရအဖြဲ႔အတြင္း ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရးလုပ္လိုသူမ်ားအင္အားႀကီးထြား လာေအာင္လုပ္ေပးႏိုင္မွ စစ္ကြ်န္ဘဝမွလြတ္ေျမာက္မွာျဖစ္ပါသည္။ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားဓါးစာခံမ်ား အျမန္ လြတ္ေျမာက္ပါေစလို႔ဆႏၵျပဳလ်က္။
၂၀၁၁ ခုႏွစ္ ေအာက္တိုဘာ လ ၁၄ ရက္
ဝါရွင္တန္ျမိဳ႔။
Credit : ဗိုလ္မႉးေအာင္လင္းထြဋ္
Envoy Derek Mitchell flew back to Myanmar this week after its leaders announced a prisoner amnesty, which initially raised hopes overseas but disappointed opposition leaders who sought the release of key dissidents.
State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland said one reason for Mitchell's visit was to seek "a true and accurate picture of exactly who's out and who is not out" following the amnesty.
"I have zero doubt that, at every stop, he made the point that we want to see all political prisoners released," Nuland told reporters.
Human rights groups say Myanmar, earlier known as Burma, has committed widespread abuses against ethnic minorities including mass rape and has around 2,000 political prisoners.
Myanmar's military leaders handed over to a nominally civilian government in March. While the opposition and the United States were skeptical about the move, some steps by new President Thein Sein have led to optimism.
The former general has opened talks with opposition icon Aung San Suu Kyi and defied China, Myanmar's closest ally, by freezing work on an unpopular dam in a border area.
Mitchell, who was appointed in August and visited Myanmar the following month, met on his latest trip with Suu Kyi and Foreign Minister Wunna Maung Lwin. Suu Kyi's associates said she met with Mitchell for one and a half hours.
Mitchell, speaking last week in Washington, said Myanmar was showing "encouraging signs" but its government must commit to deeper reforms and halt violence against minorities before the United States eases sanctions.
President Barack Obama's administration launched an engagement policy with Myanmar after taking office in 2009, concluding that an earlier focus on isolating the nation had failed.
Credit :Agence France-Presse
Remarks
Maria Otero
Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs
Refugees International Event, U.S. Institute of Peace
Washington, DC
October 25, 2011
Maria Otero
Under Secretary for Democracy and Global Affairs
Refugees International Event, U.S. Institute of Peace
Washington, DC
October 25, 2011
Good morning. It’s a pleasure to be here with you all today. I want to thank Refugees International for hosting this important conference, and to our hosts at the U.S. Institute of Peace. It’s an honor to be on a panel with such distinguished individuals working at every level to improve nationality rights globally.
We know that as many as 12 million people around the world are not recognized as citizens by any state. They live in every region of the world, at the margins of the formal economy and political system, largely hidden without government recognition.
We know that as many as 12 million people around the world are not recognized as citizens by any state. They live in every region of the world, at the margins of the formal economy and political system, largely hidden without government recognition.
There are many factors that contribute to statelessness. Foremost among those factors is an issue that we’re all here to discuss today; and it’s an issue that is particularly important to both President Obama and Secretary Clinton. And that is discrimination against women.
Let me start with a brief story. In Bangladesh, a teenage Rohingya (Ro-HEn-ga) girl was raped and later gave birth to a malnourished baby. The mother was born and raised in a refugee camp in Southeastern Bangladesh. Her parents fled from Burma whose 1982 Citizenship Law rendered them stateless. Without citizenship -- the Rohingya (Ro-HEn-ga) are regularly subjected to oppression and human rights abuses. No government, no country will claim them. As a result, the girl, her baby, and her parents face a grim future. The baby, now two weeks old, will be the second generation of her family to grow up in a refugee camp.
This is a reality for far too many people in our world. Nationality laws discriminate against women in at least 30 countries, limiting their ability to acquire, retain, and transmit citizenship to their children. In many cases, nationality laws permit only the father to transmit citizenship to his child. And in still other cases, nationality laws strip women of their citizenship upon marriage to a foreign spouse, or prohibit women’s foreign spouses from naturalization.
The result is that hundreds of thousands, even millions are relegated to the shadows of society, without legal protection or a social safety net. Stateless persons typically lack identity documentation, and cannot register births, marriages, or deaths. They often cannot work legally or travel freely. They cannot vote, open a bank account, or own property, and they often lack access to health care and other public services.
Lack of citizenship contributes to cycles of poverty and vulnerability. Unable to locate a birth registration or citizenship document, children are barred from attending school. They may fall victim to abuse and exploitation, including gender-based violence, trafficking in persons, and arbitrary arrest and detention.
There is little research on the issue of statelessness, and even less on gender discrimination in nationality laws. To try to understand the impact of statelessness better, the State Department’s Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration recently funded a study by Kingston University to examine the costs of statelessness. This study used quantitative and qualitative methods to compare the livelihoods of stateless persons with those of citizens in four countries. Among its most striking findings, the study proved that statelessness reduces household income by a third, and reduces the odds of owning one’s home by nearly 60 percent. The average education of stateless households is lower than that of citizens by at least one year and in some cases as many as six years. The study also demonstrated disadvantages for stateless persons in terms of health status, and access to justice and law enforcement.
Recognizing this cycle of defeat, Secretary Clinton has identified women’s nationality rights as an important area of work for the State Department.
At last month’s Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation summit on women and the economy, Secretary Clinton argued that in these times of global economic strain, we cannot afford to perpetuate the barriers facing women. She noted that, “Some [women] don’t have the power to confer citizenship on their children, so their families have less access to housing and education.”
Under Secretary Clinton’s leadership, the State Department is advocating on behalf of stateless people with foreign governments and civil society organizations. U.S. diplomats around the world are working to generate local political will to reform discriminatory nationality laws. We are also working with partners like those on the panel today to identify and provide documentation to stateless persons. And we are working to protect them from abuse, ensure that they too have access to basic services.
In doing this work, our objectives are straightforward:
1. We want to use the strength of our public diplomacy to increase global awareness of women’s nationality rights.
2. And we want to persuade government officials to amend nationality laws that discriminate against women; we want to ensure universal birth registration; and we want to establish procedures and systems that help stateless people acquire citizenship.
Because, at the end of the day, statelessness is not just a humanitarian or human rights issue -- it is a matter of human security and the protection of individuals.
So we are working with U.S. Embassies to engage civil society groups that are advocating on behalf of stateless people. We are beginning conversations with multilateral and regional partners, especially UN agencies, about increasing their role in promoting women’s equal right to nationality. And in particular, we are encouraging UNHCR, my colleague and fellow panelist -- High Commissioner Guterres -- to elevate this issue within its work and that of other UN agencies.
Let me share one clear example of how the State Department can contribute to the cause of women’s nationality rights. The government of Nepal’s draft constitution has provisions that would actually worsen the country’s nationality laws, which already discriminate against women. This is, of course, the opposite direction of our best hopes for Nepal’s new democracy. In a country where estimates of the stateless population have ranged recently from 800,000 to five million, this portion of Nepal’s draft constitution may actually increase statelessness, further limiting access to secondary education, travel documents, the judicial system, employment, and enfranchisement for millions of women, children and historically marginalized populations. So, the U.S. Embassy in Kathmandu is working closely with civil society and the government to move them in a better direction. We are not there yet, but we have reason to believe that our efforts are not wasted.
Let me also say that the United States is concerned about the situation of Tibetan refugees who have lived in Nepal for over 50 years. Though this population is not stateless by law, there is now a third generation of refugees whose status remains unresolved, many of whom who cannot own property or work in the legal economy. The Tibetan refugees should be offered a path to registration and citizenship or other durable status. The U.S. would like to work with Nepal to resolve this protracted refugee situation.
As we work with civil society, I want to applaud the efforts of my fellow panelists, Mona Kareem, Sonia Pierre, Lalia Ducos, and other activists who have continued the fight against discrimination in nationality laws around the world. Your work is critical to achieving gender equality, and I encourage civil society groups -- women’s groups, human rights organizations, democracy activists, and others -- to increase efforts to combat gender discrimination in nationality laws.
We know that these are tough, often complex issues. But here today, and throughout our work around the world, we are laying a strong foundation of understanding: that nationality rights -- especially for women -- are key to countries’ democratic governance, peace and stability, and economic development.
Many countries are making substantial progress -- among them, Algeria, Botswana, and Indonesia -- all of which have eliminated or limited discrimination against women in their nationality laws.
So let us use their victories as renewed energy to advance this important cause. We have our work cut out for us, but together we can achieve equal nationality rights for women, resolve the problem of statelessness, and ensure a brighter future for millions of women and their families.
Credit : U.S State Dept
Let me start with a brief story. In Bangladesh, a teenage Rohingya (Ro-HEn-ga) girl was raped and later gave birth to a malnourished baby. The mother was born and raised in a refugee camp in Southeastern Bangladesh. Her parents fled from Burma whose 1982 Citizenship Law rendered them stateless. Without citizenship -- the Rohingya (Ro-HEn-ga) are regularly subjected to oppression and human rights abuses. No government, no country will claim them. As a result, the girl, her baby, and her parents face a grim future. The baby, now two weeks old, will be the second generation of her family to grow up in a refugee camp.
This is a reality for far too many people in our world. Nationality laws discriminate against women in at least 30 countries, limiting their ability to acquire, retain, and transmit citizenship to their children. In many cases, nationality laws permit only the father to transmit citizenship to his child. And in still other cases, nationality laws strip women of their citizenship upon marriage to a foreign spouse, or prohibit women’s foreign spouses from naturalization.
The result is that hundreds of thousands, even millions are relegated to the shadows of society, without legal protection or a social safety net. Stateless persons typically lack identity documentation, and cannot register births, marriages, or deaths. They often cannot work legally or travel freely. They cannot vote, open a bank account, or own property, and they often lack access to health care and other public services.
Lack of citizenship contributes to cycles of poverty and vulnerability. Unable to locate a birth registration or citizenship document, children are barred from attending school. They may fall victim to abuse and exploitation, including gender-based violence, trafficking in persons, and arbitrary arrest and detention.
There is little research on the issue of statelessness, and even less on gender discrimination in nationality laws. To try to understand the impact of statelessness better, the State Department’s Bureau of Population, Refugees, and Migration recently funded a study by Kingston University to examine the costs of statelessness. This study used quantitative and qualitative methods to compare the livelihoods of stateless persons with those of citizens in four countries. Among its most striking findings, the study proved that statelessness reduces household income by a third, and reduces the odds of owning one’s home by nearly 60 percent. The average education of stateless households is lower than that of citizens by at least one year and in some cases as many as six years. The study also demonstrated disadvantages for stateless persons in terms of health status, and access to justice and law enforcement.
Recognizing this cycle of defeat, Secretary Clinton has identified women’s nationality rights as an important area of work for the State Department.
At last month’s Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation summit on women and the economy, Secretary Clinton argued that in these times of global economic strain, we cannot afford to perpetuate the barriers facing women. She noted that, “Some [women] don’t have the power to confer citizenship on their children, so their families have less access to housing and education.”
Under Secretary Clinton’s leadership, the State Department is advocating on behalf of stateless people with foreign governments and civil society organizations. U.S. diplomats around the world are working to generate local political will to reform discriminatory nationality laws. We are also working with partners like those on the panel today to identify and provide documentation to stateless persons. And we are working to protect them from abuse, ensure that they too have access to basic services.
In doing this work, our objectives are straightforward:
1. We want to use the strength of our public diplomacy to increase global awareness of women’s nationality rights.
2. And we want to persuade government officials to amend nationality laws that discriminate against women; we want to ensure universal birth registration; and we want to establish procedures and systems that help stateless people acquire citizenship.
Because, at the end of the day, statelessness is not just a humanitarian or human rights issue -- it is a matter of human security and the protection of individuals.
So we are working with U.S. Embassies to engage civil society groups that are advocating on behalf of stateless people. We are beginning conversations with multilateral and regional partners, especially UN agencies, about increasing their role in promoting women’s equal right to nationality. And in particular, we are encouraging UNHCR, my colleague and fellow panelist -- High Commissioner Guterres -- to elevate this issue within its work and that of other UN agencies.
Let me share one clear example of how the State Department can contribute to the cause of women’s nationality rights. The government of Nepal’s draft constitution has provisions that would actually worsen the country’s nationality laws, which already discriminate against women. This is, of course, the opposite direction of our best hopes for Nepal’s new democracy. In a country where estimates of the stateless population have ranged recently from 800,000 to five million, this portion of Nepal’s draft constitution may actually increase statelessness, further limiting access to secondary education, travel documents, the judicial system, employment, and enfranchisement for millions of women, children and historically marginalized populations. So, the U.S. Embassy in Kathmandu is working closely with civil society and the government to move them in a better direction. We are not there yet, but we have reason to believe that our efforts are not wasted.
Let me also say that the United States is concerned about the situation of Tibetan refugees who have lived in Nepal for over 50 years. Though this population is not stateless by law, there is now a third generation of refugees whose status remains unresolved, many of whom who cannot own property or work in the legal economy. The Tibetan refugees should be offered a path to registration and citizenship or other durable status. The U.S. would like to work with Nepal to resolve this protracted refugee situation.
As we work with civil society, I want to applaud the efforts of my fellow panelists, Mona Kareem, Sonia Pierre, Lalia Ducos, and other activists who have continued the fight against discrimination in nationality laws around the world. Your work is critical to achieving gender equality, and I encourage civil society groups -- women’s groups, human rights organizations, democracy activists, and others -- to increase efforts to combat gender discrimination in nationality laws.
We know that these are tough, often complex issues. But here today, and throughout our work around the world, we are laying a strong foundation of understanding: that nationality rights -- especially for women -- are key to countries’ democratic governance, peace and stability, and economic development.
Many countries are making substantial progress -- among them, Algeria, Botswana, and Indonesia -- all of which have eliminated or limited discrimination against women in their nationality laws.
So let us use their victories as renewed energy to advance this important cause. We have our work cut out for us, but together we can achieve equal nationality rights for women, resolve the problem of statelessness, and ensure a brighter future for millions of women and their families.
Credit : U.S State Dept
ရုရွားမွ ျမန္မာစစ္ဗိုလ္မ်ားရဲ့ ၂၀၁၀ ျပည္ေထာင္စုေန႔က ျမန္မာ့ရိုးရာ အတာသၾကၤန္ သရုပ္ျပပြဲ..
ရုရွားမွ ေနာင္တေခတ္ရဲ့ ေအာင္စစ္သည္မ်ား စည္းမဲ့၊ ကမ္းမဲ့ စည္းပ်က္၊ ကမ္းပ်က္ ေနထိုင္မႈေၾကာင့္ အေဆာင္မွ ထြက္ေပးရန္ ေတာင္းဆိုခံရမႈႏွင့္ ၂၀၁၀ၾသဂုတ္လက ရုရွားႏိုင္ငံဆိုင္ရာ ျမန္မာသံအမတ္ၾကီး၏ လွ်ိဳ႕ဝွက္ သတိေပးခ်က္တဲ့ဗ်ိဳ႕...
၂၀၁၀ခုႏွစ္ ေဖေဖာ္ဝါရီလက ရုရွားမွာ ျပဳလုပ္တဲ့ ျပည္ေထာင္စုေန႔ အခမ္းအနားမွာ ေတြ႔ရတဲ့ သံအမတ္ၾကီး ဦးမင္းသိန္း (ဝဲ-ဒု)
Credit : Demo Waiyan
By Zin Linn
The Chinese army secretly transported dozens of Burmese troops inside its border on 21 October morning to fight against the Kachin Independence Army, which is resisting an offensive by Burmese regiments, referring local witnesses, Kachin News Group reported.
As said by eyewitnesses, approximately 30 Chinese military trucks clandestinely transported Burma Army’s soldiers from the Chinese border- trade city of Ruili (Shweli) to Jang Hkawng, another border town close to Loije on the Burmese side. Only two or three trucks in the military convoy were carrying Chinese troops and the rest carried Burmese soldiers, added local witnesses.
The aim of the maneuver seems to recapture two strategic positions which recently fell to the KIA at Jan Mai and Maw Shwi, near Loije, border-based military observers said. In the four month-long civil war, the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) seized two important frontline posts of Burma Army in Kachin State on 11 October, following more than 20 hours combating.
Concurrently, over 2,000 Chinese troops have arrived on the Sino-Burma border, where KIA strongholds have been positioned since early this month, said natives on the border. As stated by eyewitnesses, Chinese soldiers take military exercises every afternoon from 4 pm to 6 pm, in Jang Hkawng.
The Kachin Independence Army has taken counter action to the huge 6,000 megawatt Myitsone Hydropower Project with armed resistance. The armed-clashes displaced tens of thousands of Kachin war refugees, and ended a 17-year long armistice agreement between the Burmese army and the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) and its military wing KIA.
Kachin State which is situated in northern Burma (Myanmar) has been seriously facing appalling environmental change. Kachin State holds large areas of intact natural woodland, and is one of the most important biodiversity spots in the region. It has been under threat since 1994 when the KIO, agreed to a ceasefire with the Burmese military regime.
After ceasefire, the KIO was allowed to keep hold of its arms and get hold of some protective power while yielding defensible authority of natural resources to the then military regime. By agreeing ceasefire KIO has to give in privileges of Kachin State’s extraordinarily rich natural resources to the junta. For that reason, many Kachin people consider that ceasefire agreement causes abject poverty together with environmental damages in their land.
As the Burmese junta has a bad reputation with its human rights records, it offers the natural resources of the country to China in order to get shelter from the international criticism. As for KIO’s part, exploitations of the Kachin State’s natural resources by the Burmese and Chinese governments are unacceptable. Because, all natural resources management are approved by Burmese authorities without local consultation and such acts exacerbate animosity between the Burmese government and the Kachin community.
By accusing KIO’s self defensive war as jeopardy of border stability and China’s vested interests, Burmese authorities seem inviting China’s pressure in its ethnic affairs. The agreement to build seven hydropower dams on the Irrawaddy River and its tributaries with the China Power Investment Corporation (CPI) has been resulting forced relocation without consultation or compensation. Moreover, it will become the cause of flooding in Kachin Srate.
In October 2009, the Thailand-based Kachin Development Networking Group (KDNG) published a report – “Resisting the Flood” – highlighting the implementation of the Myitsone dam project on the Irrawaddy River.
The report demanded a halt to the project that is sponsored by the China Power Investment Corporation (CPI), its main investor and contractor. The dam project creates unwelcome impacts like social, environmental, livelihood, cultural and security problems for tens of thousands of people in the neighbouring area of the dam.
The report states that more than 15,000 people in 60 villages around the dam sites are being forcibly relocated without proper resettlement plans being drawn up by the Burmese military regime. These individuals have lost their means of livelihood such as farming, fishing and collection of non-timber forest products.
However, China selfishly affirms on dam-projects in Burma amidst serious complaints of the Burmese population. Hence, many people believe that the Burmese government has been escalating its military pressure on the KIO in order to protect China’s vested interest in Kachin State.
As a result, citizens think that China is pulling the strings in Burma’s politics in order to exploit not only natural resources but also to take advantage of regional politics.
Credit by: Asian Correspondent
The Chinese army secretly transported dozens of Burmese troops inside its border on 21 October morning to fight against the Kachin Independence Army, which is resisting an offensive by Burmese regiments, referring local witnesses, Kachin News Group reported.
As said by eyewitnesses, approximately 30 Chinese military trucks clandestinely transported Burma Army’s soldiers from the Chinese border- trade city of Ruili (Shweli) to Jang Hkawng, another border town close to Loije on the Burmese side. Only two or three trucks in the military convoy were carrying Chinese troops and the rest carried Burmese soldiers, added local witnesses.
The aim of the maneuver seems to recapture two strategic positions which recently fell to the KIA at Jan Mai and Maw Shwi, near Loije, border-based military observers said. In the four month-long civil war, the Kachin Independence Army (KIA) seized two important frontline posts of Burma Army in Kachin State on 11 October, following more than 20 hours combating.
Concurrently, over 2,000 Chinese troops have arrived on the Sino-Burma border, where KIA strongholds have been positioned since early this month, said natives on the border. As stated by eyewitnesses, Chinese soldiers take military exercises every afternoon from 4 pm to 6 pm, in Jang Hkawng.
The Kachin Independence Army has taken counter action to the huge 6,000 megawatt Myitsone Hydropower Project with armed resistance. The armed-clashes displaced tens of thousands of Kachin war refugees, and ended a 17-year long armistice agreement between the Burmese army and the Kachin Independence Organization (KIO) and its military wing KIA.
Kachin State which is situated in northern Burma (Myanmar) has been seriously facing appalling environmental change. Kachin State holds large areas of intact natural woodland, and is one of the most important biodiversity spots in the region. It has been under threat since 1994 when the KIO, agreed to a ceasefire with the Burmese military regime.
After ceasefire, the KIO was allowed to keep hold of its arms and get hold of some protective power while yielding defensible authority of natural resources to the then military regime. By agreeing ceasefire KIO has to give in privileges of Kachin State’s extraordinarily rich natural resources to the junta. For that reason, many Kachin people consider that ceasefire agreement causes abject poverty together with environmental damages in their land.
As the Burmese junta has a bad reputation with its human rights records, it offers the natural resources of the country to China in order to get shelter from the international criticism. As for KIO’s part, exploitations of the Kachin State’s natural resources by the Burmese and Chinese governments are unacceptable. Because, all natural resources management are approved by Burmese authorities without local consultation and such acts exacerbate animosity between the Burmese government and the Kachin community.
By accusing KIO’s self defensive war as jeopardy of border stability and China’s vested interests, Burmese authorities seem inviting China’s pressure in its ethnic affairs. The agreement to build seven hydropower dams on the Irrawaddy River and its tributaries with the China Power Investment Corporation (CPI) has been resulting forced relocation without consultation or compensation. Moreover, it will become the cause of flooding in Kachin Srate.
In October 2009, the Thailand-based Kachin Development Networking Group (KDNG) published a report – “Resisting the Flood” – highlighting the implementation of the Myitsone dam project on the Irrawaddy River.
The report demanded a halt to the project that is sponsored by the China Power Investment Corporation (CPI), its main investor and contractor. The dam project creates unwelcome impacts like social, environmental, livelihood, cultural and security problems for tens of thousands of people in the neighbouring area of the dam.
The report states that more than 15,000 people in 60 villages around the dam sites are being forcibly relocated without proper resettlement plans being drawn up by the Burmese military regime. These individuals have lost their means of livelihood such as farming, fishing and collection of non-timber forest products.
However, China selfishly affirms on dam-projects in Burma amidst serious complaints of the Burmese population. Hence, many people believe that the Burmese government has been escalating its military pressure on the KIO in order to protect China’s vested interest in Kachin State.
As a result, citizens think that China is pulling the strings in Burma’s politics in order to exploit not only natural resources but also to take advantage of regional politics.
Credit by: Asian Correspondent
A new Asia Society Task Force Report offers recommendations on framing US policy toward Burma. Retired General Wesley Clark, Henrietta Fore, and Suzanne DiMaggio discuss the findings.
-
Announcement of New Website: Rohingya Today (RohingyaToday.Com) Dear Readers, From 1st January 2019 onward, the Rohingya N...
-
RB News May 15, 2013 BRCNL was invited by Miss Sophie BUSSON, Sub-Directorate of Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs & Sub-...
-
By Tasnim News Agency December 14, 2016 TEHRAN – Iranian President Hassan Rouhani and his Indonesian counterpart Joko Widodo...
-
Rohingyas travel in a rickshaw north of Sittwe, in Myanmar's Rakhine state, on June 26. (Photo: AP) By Associated Press Novemb...
-
(Photo: Reuters) Aung San Suu Kyi is legitimising genocide in Myanmar and has entrenched the persecution of Rohingya Muslisms, warn s...
-
88 Generation Group : Photo (Irrawaddy News) By:August 12, 2012 An open letter written in Burmese by little Ma Hla Myaing to the 8888 ...
-
During recent years we have read series of depraved propagandas by a group of fanatics, who are restless to tarnish the image of the Rohing...
-
By Kayleigh Long and Nyan Lynn Aung Myanmar Times May 17, 2016 Around 30 residents of Sittwe’s only remaining Muslim quarter ...
-
Student protesters look out from a prison vehicle as they are transported to a Letpadan court in March 2015. © 2015 Reuters By Huma...
-
By Dr. Azeem Ibrahim Al Arabiya November 7, 2016 Often quoted as “ the most oppressed people in the world ,” the Rohingya Muslim...