Media Continues to Ignore Burma’s Religious Minister’s Anti-Muslim Actions
By Frits Sollewijn
Burma Task Force USA
April 20, 2016
April 20, 2016
Only a few weeks after the military junta lifted the curfew in Western Rakhine state, allowing an estimated 25,000 Rohingya to leave the Internal Displacement Camps, the National League of Democracy (NLD) appointed Minister of Religious Affairs Aung Ko made a statement implying Muslims are not full citizens and went on to visit firebrand monk Wirathu.
Although Minister Aung Ko is a member of the military backed Union Solidarity and Development Party, he is also a member of the newly elected NLD government. Given the landslide victory of the NLD during the election and the overwhelming majority it now enjoys in Parliament, Minister Aung Ko would not be where he is without at least the implicit support of the NLD. His conduct reflects badly on the NLD and its leader Aung San Suu Kyi.
In an interview with the Voice of America Burma Service, Aung Ko stated that Muslims are “associate citizens,” while Buddhists are full citizens. The Constitution of Myanmar makes no mention of “associate citizenship”. The document that does refer to this is the highly contentious 1982 citizenship or “nationalities” law. The law excludes Rohingya, a community indigenous to Rakhine state, from the list of 135 ethnicities, and thus excluding them from citizenship. It furthermore outlines a model of tiered citizenship, distinguishing between “full citizens,” “associate citizens,” and “naturalized citizenship.” In fact, to qualify for full citizenship, you need to be a descendant of residents who lived in Burma prior to the British colonial takeover of 1823 or were born to parents who were full citizens at the time of birth. The stratified citizenship and statelessness of the Rohingya goes against international norms and standards.
Most countries give citizenship to a person born in that country, or if one of the parents is a citizen. As many rights outlined in the Constitution of Myanmar are connected to citizenship in Burma (e.g. art. 21 (a), the right to equality, the right of liberty and the right of justice; art. 366, right to education art. 367, right to health care; art. 349, the right to equal opportunity), “associate” citizenship call into question the fundamental rights of an estimated 5 million Muslims living in Burma, not to mention the stateless Rohingya who are without basic rights and opportunities whatsoever.
The Minister of Religion went on to say that religious minorities, including Christians, Hindus and Muslims, had not been “deliberately oppressed.” Many studies and reports show the opposite. Studies from Yale Law School and Queen Mary University of London conclude that oppression is in fact state sanctioned. Furthermore, there is a lot of photographic material showing for instance extremists walking from burning villages in Rakhine while soldiers are standing by.
When Minister Aung Ko visited Wirathu and other members of the blacklisted anti-Islamic organization Ma Ba Tha a few days later, the NLD had apparently initially planned to submit a proposal to Parliament expressing concern about his comments. However, as a NLD Parliamentarian stated in an interview with the Myanmar Times, “We don’t want to highlight it – things like this can happen sometimes unintentionally.” NLD spokesperson U Win Htein said there was no reason to be “anxious” about the meeting between Minister Aung Ko and Wirathu: “I think Thura U Aung Ko seemed to be admonishing U Wirathu.” This, however, seems unlikely and contradicts the words of Tun Nyunt, director of the Religious Affairs and Culture Minister who joined the minister on his trip. He said the visit was “routine”, adding that he went for “introductions.”
It is disconcerting to see very little coverage on the conduct of Minister Aung Ko and that rather media have highlighted Suu Kyi’s new role as “state counselor” instead. As the NLD moves from a movement for democracy to a position of responsibility, it is imperative that the NLD takes responsibility for the actions of all members of the government. It appears the NLD does not want to “highlight” this and prefers to brush the affair under the rug because the NLD wants to fight the military and push the state counselor bill to give Suu Kyi a role similar to Prime Minister.
This year, despite the end of the monsoon season, a major out flux hasn’t taken place so far. Two reasons might play a role, one is the crackdown on human traffickers and smugglers in the region including Burma, while second is the current wait-and-see approach of the stateless and oppressed people, who still have high hopes that the NLD will bring changes for the better.
Frits Sollewijn Gelpke is a human rights advocate and political scientist from the Netherlands, working as European Liaison for Justice for All / Burma Task Force USA. He co-authored a book on democratic and constitutional reform in Nepal where he worked for two years at an NGO, law college and the Dutch consulate. He holds a M.Sc. in Political Science, International Relations from Leiden University.
