April 11, 2025

Latest Highlight

RB Channel

News @ RB

Announcement of New Website: Rohingya Today (RohingyaToday.Com)

31 Dec 2018 0 comments

Announcement of New Website: Rohingya Today (RohingyaToday.Com) Dear Readers, From 1st January 2019 onward, the Rohingya News Portal 'Rohingya Blogger' will be renamed and upgraded as 'Rohingya Today'. Due to this transition to a new name, our website will be available at www.rohing...

Continue »
  • Rohingya Refugee Killed in Fighting between Bangladesh Army and Chakma Rebels

    Rohingya Today | December 26, 2018 Cox's Bazaar – A Rohingya refugee working as a day labourer in a road construction project was killed in fighting between Bangladesh's army and Chakma separatist rebels in Bangladesh on Sunday (Dec 23), sources report. A clash broke out between the Ba...

  • Bangladesh Police Beat up Refugee Woman and Obstruct Her from Justice

    Rohingya Refugee Camps in Bangladesh Rohingya Today | December 19, 2018 Cox's Bazaar — Bangladesh policemen beat up a teenage woman in Rohingya refugee camps in Cox's Bazaar and subsequently, obstructed justice being served to her. Eighteen-year-old Salima Khatun was severely beaten up...

  • Bangladesh Attempts to Revoke Rohingya 'Refugee' Status

    Rohingya Today November 11, 2018 Cox's Bazaar — Bangladesh attempts to strip UNHCR-registered Rohingya refugees of their 'Refugee' Status, triggering them to go on 'Ration Strike' since November 1 out of fear of forced repatriation to Myanmar, refugees say. Approximately 250,000 Rohi...

  • Rohingya Inmate Dies after Being Denied Treatment in Buthidaung Jail

    RB News September 29, 2018 Buthidaung — An arbitrarily jailed Rohingya inmate has died in Buthidaung jail after being denied of proper medical treatments. The victim, identified as 'U Abu Shama, 50, s/o U Basu Meah' from Thayet Oak village in northern Maungdaw, was sentenced to 12-year imp...

  • Two Girls Die after Myanmar Border Guards Shoot at Rohingya Boat

    RB News September 29, 2018 Maungdaw — Two girls were killed and a few other people arrested when the Myanmar Border Guard Police (BGP) opened fire at a Rohingya boat off the coast of 'Feran Furu (Mingalar Gyi)' village in northern Maungdaw at around 8 pm on Thursday (Sept 27). The two girl...

more ➜

Rohingya News @ Int'l Media

Activist for Rohingya Muslims calls on Tokyo to speak out over refugee crisis

25 Oct 2018 0 comments

Maung Zarni, leader of the Free Rohingya Coalition, speaks at a news conference at the Foreign Correspondents' Club of Japan in Tokyo on Thursday. | CHISATO TANAKA By Chisato Tanaka, Published by The Japan Times on October 25, 2018 A leader of a global network of activists for Rohingya Mu...

Continue »
  • Activists: US Stance on Rohingya Not Strong Enough

    Rohingya Muslims from Myanmar wait to carry food items from Bangladesh's border toward a no man's land where they set up refugee camps in Tombru, Bangladesh, Sept. 15, 2017. By William Gallo Voice of America September 25, 2018 Activists are criticizing a long-awaited U.S. State Departme...

  • Rohingyas declare Aug 25 as ‘genocide day’

    By Abdul Aziz Dhaka Tribune August 28, 2018 The UN likened the Aug 25 crackdown in the Rakhine state to genocide The Rohingyas have announced to observe August 25 as the "genocide day," a year after a Myanmar military crackdown forced more than 700,000 members of the ethnic minority...

  • World fails to end Rohingya crisis: US Official

    By Safvan Allahverdi Anadolu Agency July 31, 2018 'We keep saying 'never again', but it keeps happening,' says US representative to UN Economic and Social Council WASHINGTON -- The world has failed to end the Rohingya crisis in Myanmar, where hundreds of thousands of people were dri...

  • Rohingya cannot become ‘forgotten victims,’ says UN chief urging world to step up support

    Secretary-General António Guterres (center) meets with Rohingya refugees in Cox’s Bazaar, Bangladesh. (Photo: UNFPA Bangladesh/Allison Joyce) Published by UN News on July 11, 2018 Painting a grim picture of villages being burned to the ground and other “bone-chilling” accounts he heard fr...

  • Thousands of Rohingya Continue to Flee Violence in Myanmar

    Rohingya girls carry firewood on their heads as they make their way through Kutupalong refugee camp, June 28, 2018, in Bangladesh. By Lisa Schlein | Published by Voice of America on July 4, 2018 GENEVA — U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra’ad Al Hussein reports thousands of Ro...

more ➜

Myanmar News

Academic withdraws from China-backed event for Uyghurs

03 Dec 2018 0 comments

By Sena Güler | Published by Anadolu Agency on December 1, 2018 Maung Zarni says he will boycott Beijing-sponsored events until the country reverses its 'troubling path' ANKARA -- A human rights activist and intellectual said he withdrew from a Beijing-sponsored forum in London to pro...

Continue »
  • Durbin Blasts Removal of Myanmar Sanctions From Defense Bill

    Aung San Suu Kyi, State Counsellor of Myanmar, has been a guest at the Capitol, including in Sept. 2016. (Tom Williams/CQ Roll Call file photo) By Niels Lesniewski | Published by Roll Call on July 31, 2018 Signs point to McConnell not allowing language targeting country also known as...

  • Zeid calls for ICC probe into Myanmar Rohingya crisis

    UN Photo/Jean-Marc Ferre High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra'ad Al Hussein. Published by UN News on July 4, 2018 Myanmar should “have some shame” after attempting to convince the world that it is willing to take back hundreds of thousands of refugees who fled an “ethnic cleansing c...

  • UN rights expert ‘strongly recommends’ probe by International Criminal Court into ‘decades of crimes’ in Myanmar

    UN Photo/Jean-Marc Ferre Special Rapporteur on the human rights situation in Myanmar Yanghee Lee. Published by UN News on June 27, 2018 The United Nations rights expert on Myanmar is “strongly” recommending that the International Criminal Court (ICC) investigate and prosecute those allege...

  • Canada sanctions top Myanmar military over Rohingya abuses

    Myanmar's military has forced some 700,000 Rohingya Muslims out of Rakhine state and across the border to Bangladesh since August 2017 By AFP June 25, 2018 Canada on Monday announced sanctions in coordination with the European Union against seven senior Myanmar officials over the Rohingy...

  • EU sanctions Myanmar generals over Rohingya; Myanmar says two are fired

    A Rohingya refugee is seen in Balukhali refugee camp at dawn near Cox's Bazaar, Bangladesh, March 28, 2018. REUTERS/Clodagh Kilcoyne By Robin Emmott, Antoni Slodkowski Reuters June 25, 2018 LUXEMBOURG/YANGON -- The European Union imposed sanctions on seven senior military officials from ...

more ➜

Video News

Experts’ Roundtable on the Myanmar/Bangladesh Crisis held at the University of Ottawa

18 Apr 2018 0 comments

...

Continue »
  • Justice for the Rohingyas: The World Must Act (A Panel Discussion)

    For the last 40 years, Rohingyas of Northern Arakan/Rakhine State of Myanmar (formerly Burma), have been subjected to what Amartya Sen called a "slow genocide." Since August 26, over 607,000 Rohingyas have sought refuge in Bangladesh after having fled Myanmar’s campaign of murder, arson and...

  • The Rohingya: Silent Abuse

    By Al Jazeera August 10, 2017 Denied citizenship, forced from their homes, and subjected to cruelty; we investigate the plight of Myanmar's Rohingya. Filmmakers: Salam Hindawi, Ali Kishk, Harri Grace Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, has a population of around 51 million people. T...

  • Is the world ignoring the plight of the Rohingya?

    By Al Jazeera December 4, 2016 Malaysian prime minister urges foreign intervention to stop what he calls the genocide of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar. Pressure on government leaders in Myanmar is being ramped up - as Malaysia accused its neighbour of committing genocide aga...

  • Left For Dead: Myanmar’s Muslim Minority (Full Length)

    By VICE News November 11, 2016 In recent years, democratic reforms have swept through Myanmar, a country that for decades was ruled by a military junta. As the reforms took hold, however, things were growing progressively worse for the Rohingya, a heavily persecuted ethnic Muslim minor...

  • Dr Maung Zarni comments on Kofi Annan Commission and Myanmar Genocide of Rohingya

    Dr Maung Zarni comments on Kofi Annan Commission and Myanmar Genocide of Rohingya, Al Jazeera English News Hour, 7 September 2016 ...

more ➜

Article @ RB

Comedy and Tragedy in Burma: Grappling with Aung San Suu Kyi’s broken legacy and the Myanmar genocide

06 Oct 2018 0 comments

Oskar Butcher RB Article October 6, 2018 Every night in an unassuming shop space located in Mandalay’s 39thStreet, Lu Maw and Lu Zaw – the remaining members of the Burma’s most famous comedy trio, the Moustache Brothers – present their show: a curious combination of comedy, political sa...

Continue »
  • In memory of U Maung Kyaw Nu

    Richard Potter and U Maung Kyaw Nu Richard Potter RB Article July 20, 2018 Early in the morning on May 31st U Maung Kyaw Nu passed away. Maung was known by most as a political activist and president of the Burmese Rohingya Association of Thailand. He was a political prisoner in Burma ...

  • Ba Kyaw: The Leading Military Gunman of Maung Nu Massacre

    A survivor from Monu Fara (Photo: Ro Mayyu Ali) Ro Mayyu Ali RB Article February 2, 2018 Curtly, shabby, and always redly in eyes but very tactful to pick up the collections for extortion purposes. Grabbing any Rohingya's motor-bike, a soul-ruffling terrifying entry into the village ble...

  • U Ko Ni: A man of mountains of knowledge on constitutional reforms

    Haikal Mansor RB Article January 29, 2018 Widely considered as the architect of “State-counsellor” position created for Aung San Suu Kyi after Myanmar’s Constitution barred her the presidency. Born in Katha, Sagaing Division on February 11, 1953, Abdul Gani, better known as U Ko Ni ...

  • National Verification Card (NVC): A Hidden Trap for Myanmar’s Rohingya

    Mohammed Ayub (TU), UAE RB Article October 22, 2017 Myanmar Military was never sincere in handling ethnics’ affairs, especially, in Rohingyas’ whose permanent home is northern Arakan. Throughout the history, military uses the Muslims population of the country for political diversion an...

  • The Laukathara and its influence on Myanmarism

    (Photo: EPA) Habib Siddiqui RB Article September 17, 2017 Myanmar, formerly Burma, is a resource rich country in south-east Asia, bordering Bangladesh, India, China, Laos and Thailand. The old men of the military that ran the country for more than half a century have been displaced by a...

more ➜

Article @ Int'l Media

“Genocide cards”: Rohingya refugees on why they risked their lives to refuse ID cards

22 Oct 2018 0 comments

A demonstration over identity cards at a Rohingya refugee camp in Bangladesh in April, 2018. Image: NurPhoto/SIPA USA/PA Images. By Natalie Brinham | Published by Open Democracy on October 21, 2018 Wary of the past, Rohingya have frustrated the UN’s attempts to provide them with documenta...

Continue »
more ➜

Analysis @ RB

Myanmar’s Investigation Commissions: Tactic to Conceal Rohingya Genocide

20 Feb 2018 0 comments

By M.S. Anwar | Opinion & Analysis The Burmese (Myanmar) quasi-civilian government unleashed a large-scale violence against the minority Rohingya in the western Myanmar state of Arakan in 2012. The violence, which some wrongly frame as ‘Communal’, was carried out by the Burmese armed forces...

Continue »
more ➜

Analysis @ Int'l Media

Ensuring the Safety of Rohingyas as a National Minority Inside Myanmar: Who? How?

20 Nov 2018 0 comments

By Maung Zarni, Natalie Brinham | Published by Middle East Institute on November 20, 2018 “It is an ongoing genocide (in Myanmar),” said Mr. Marzuki Darusman, the head of the UN Human Rights Council-mandated Independent International Fact-Finding Mission at the official briefing at ...

Continue »
more ➜

Opinion @ RB

Premature Rohingya Repatriation: Harmful for both Bangladesh and Rohingya

12 Nov 2018 0 comments

Rohingya refugees who fled from Myanmar wait to be let through by Bangladeshi border guards after crossing the border in Palang Khali, Bangladesh October 9, 2017. REUTERS/Damir Sagolj MS Anwar RB Opinion November 12, 2018 Some may differ. But I believe the government of Bangladesh is ...

Continue »
  • Humanitarian Colonialisms in the Rohingya Genocide

    By Dr. Maung Zarni September 20, 2018 NGOs destroy civil society, said a top sociologist at Columbia. He is absolutely correct. If Rohingyas do NOT hang together they will be hang separately. I see the disaster or humanitarian colonialism being repeated in Rohingya situation. T...

  • Putting Lives in Danger

    [This is a longer version of the article with the same title published on Dhaka Tribune on June 19.] Irresponsible reports do nothing to help the cause of human rights © MAHMUD HOSSAIN OPU By MS Anwar | June 22, 2018 An Amnesty report that points fingers at ARSA could do more...

  • Cologne Conference demands accountability of the Myanmar Government

    By Habib Siddiqui RB Opinion May 9, 2018 The Rohingyas are victims of a ‘slow-burning genocide’ that is perpetrated as a national project in Buddhist Myanmar (formerly Burma). Some 700,000 Rohingyas have been forced out of their ancestral homes in western Rakhine (formerly Arakan) stat...

  • What will Protected Homeland for Rohingya look like?

    By Dr Maung Zarni April 29, 2018 Northern Rakhine State, which is ancestral home of Rohingya need to be declared and turned into Homeland for Rohingya protected by international armed forces. Arakan National Party (Rakhine racist party) openly opposes Rohingya presence South of Maung...

  • Myanmar’s Investigation Commissions: Tactic to Conceal Rohingya Genocide

    By M.S. Anwar | Opinion & Analysis The Burmese (Myanmar) quasi-civilian government unleashed a large-scale violence against the minority Rohingya in the western Myanmar state of Arakan in 2012. The violence, which some wrongly frame as ‘Communal’, was carried out by the Burmese armed forces...

more ➜

Opinion @ Int'l Media

US genocide resolution welcome, but Rohingya need more

15 Dec 2018 0 comments

By Maung Zarni | Published by Anadolu Agency on December 15, 2018 US will not intercede, and Myanmar's neighbors see it through economic lens, so international coalition for Rohingya needed LONDON -- The U.S. House of Representatives Thursday overwhelmingly passed a resolution ca...

Continue »
  • Don’t let Aung San Suu Kyi off the hook for her role in the Myanmar genocide

    Aung San Suu Kyi in 2013. Photo by Shawn Landersz on Flickr. By Khin Mai Aung | Published by Lion's Roar on December 6, 2018 Last week, a prominent Buddhist teacher defended Aung San Suu Kyi, the Buddhist Nobel Peace Prize laureate and Myanmar civilian leader, against criticism that she i...

  • The solutions to the Rohingya crisis: Voices from the Field

    By Nasir Uddin | Published by South Asia Journal on November 17, 2018 The world witnessed a massive refugee situation in the borderland of Bangladesh and Myanmar in 2017, where an extreme form of brutality perpetrated by the Myanmar security forces forced hundreds of thousands Rohingya p...

  • Five concrete measures can end Rohingya genocide

    By Dr. Maung Zarni Anadolu Agency October 5, 2018 - The writer is coordinator for strategic affairs at the Free Rohingya Coalition and adviser to the European Center for the Study of Extremism, Cambridge, UK Five steps can be taken towards achieving justice, repatriation and the re...

  • Canada has recognized the Rohingya genocide. Now what should come next?

    A Myanmar soldier guards an area at the Sittwe airport as British foreign minister Jeremy Hunt arrives in Sittwe, Rakhine state, on September 20, 2018. (Ye Aung Thu / AFP/Getty Images) By Irwin Cotler and Brandon Silver | Published by MACLEANS on September 21, 2018 In the wake of a UN rep...

  • India must stand by the Rohingya in their hour of need

    By Tapan Bose | Published by CounterCurrents.Org on August 1, 2018 Rohingya refugees are back in the news again. On Tuesday (July 30) Mr. Rijiju, the Minister of State for Home said some of the Rohingya living in India do not have the status of “refugee” but are “illegal migrants” who wo...

more ➜

History @ RB

The Traditional Demand of the Muslim Rohingya of North Arakan

25 Aug 2016 0 comments

Aman Ullah  RB History August 25, 2016 The ethnic Rohingya is one of the many nationalities of the union of Burma. And they are one of the two major communities of Arakan; the other is Rakhine and Buddhist. The Muslims (Rohingyas) and Buddhists (Rakhines) peacefully co-existed in the A...

Continue »
  • Pamela Gutman 1944–2015 and The History of early Arakan

    Aman Ullah RB History June 13, 2016 [Dr Pamela Gutman was the first Australian to complete a doctorate in Asian Art, specializing in Burma. Her scholarship did much to contribute to Australian-Burmese government relations from the 1970s onwards, painting a picture of the art and cultural lif...

  • The Etymology of Magh

    Aman Ullah RB History April 26, 2016 Mohan Ghosh wrote in his book ‘Magh Raiders of Bengal’ that, “In 8th century under the Hindu revivalist leader, Sankaracharijya, Buddhists in India were persecuted in large-scale. In Magadah, old Bihar of India, Buddhists were so ruthlessly oppressed by c...

  • Maurice Collis and Mrauk-U (1430 - 1785 AD)

    Aman Ullah RB History April 19, 2016 [Maurice Stewart Collis (1889 –1973) was an administrator in Burma (Myanmar) when it was part of the British Empire, and afterwards a writer on Southeast Asia, China and other historical subjects. MS Collis was born in 1889, the son of an Irish solicitor,...

  • Arakan in Post 1000 AD

    Aman Ullah RB History April 17, 2016 Before 10th century, Arakan was inhabited by Hindus. At that time Arakan was the gate of Hindu India to contact with the countries of the east. Morris Collis writes in his book "Burma under the iron heels of British" that the Hindu ruled Arakan from firs...

  • Arakan Before 1000 AD

    Aman Ullah RB History April 10, 2016 The earliest name of Arakan was ‘Kala Mukha’ (Land of the) Black Faces writes Noel Francis Singer in his book ‘Vaishali and the Indianization of Arakan’. It was inhabited by these dark brown-colored Indians who had much in common with the people (today’s...

more ➜

Rohingya History by Scholars

Professor Michael Charney: The best historical research on Rohingyas and the fiction of Myanmar National History

20 Jan 2018 0 comments

Dr. Maung Zarni's Remark: The best research on Rohingya history: British Orientalism which created the pseudo-scientific biological notion of "Taiyinthar" or "real natives" of #Myanmar caused that country's post-colonial cancer of official & popular genocidal Racism.  This co...

Continue »
  • Timeline: Being Rohingya in Myanmar, from 1784 to Now

    By Alal O Dulal Collective The Wire  September 24, 2017 As Rohingya people continue to flee Rakhine State and allege widespread persecution, a look at their struggle through the years. A Rohingya refugee girl collects rain water at a makeshift camp in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, S...

  • Northern Arakan as Rohingya's Ancestral Land: G.H.Luce citing the Stone Inscription from Ava Period

    By Dr Maung Zarni December 16, 2015 THE ‪#‎ROHINGYA‬ OR ROHINJAS OF PRE-COLONIAL ‪#‎MYANMAR‬ Rohinjas were NOT descendants of colonial era "farm coolies" from East Bengal as Myanmar government blatantly lies to the world. Based on the 14th century stone inscriptions, Luce described them as ...

  • Muslim Identity and Demography in Arakan - Part 5

    By Dr. Habib Siddiqui Asian Tribune October 23, 2011 Part 5: The Demography Controversy According to the Encyclopaedia Britannica, the population in Arakan grew to 173,000 in 1831, 248,000 in 1839, 461,136 in 1871 and 762,102 in 1901. For the total population in Arakan to grow ...

  • Muslim Identity and Demography in Arakan - Part 4

    By Dr. Habib Siddiqui Asian Tribune October 16, 2011 Part 4: Rakhine Attempt to Whitewash Burman King’s Crime Khin Maung Saw provides a highly distorted rendition of the 1784 invasion of Arakan and tries to justify the brutal occupation by the racist and bigot Burman King Bodaw Paya by s...

  • Muslim Identity and Demography in Arakan - Part 3

    By Dr. Habib Siddiqui Asian Tribune October 12, 2011 Part 3. The Muslim Factor in Arakan Just as it happened throughout the coastal territories from the Arabian Peninsula to the Barbary Coast and the shores of Gibraltar and Iberian Peninsula (and beyond) via Alexandria, Tripoli and Tunis to...

more ➜

Report @ RB

Houses, Mosques and others destructed in Thandwe by Rakhinese Mob (List)

05 Oct 2013 0 comments

(Photo: Soe Zeya Tun, Reuters) RB News  October 5, 2013  Thandwe, Arakan – Rakhinese mob in Thandwe started attacking Kaman Muslims on September 28, 2013. As a result, 5 Kaman Muslims were mercilessly killed and 1 was died in heart attack while escaping the attack. 781 Kaman Mus...

Continue »
  • Special Report: 26.1 Millions Kyat extorted by U-Daung village administrator Tin Maung in Maungdaw

    RB Special Report July 27, 2013 Maungdaw, Arakan – Tin Maung, a Rakhine from Na-Ta-La village and administrator of U-Daung village tract, Southern Maungdaw Township, Arakan State, was not elected by the people of U-Daung village tract, but rather he was appointed as village administrator b...

  • Pahang Rohingya Language School: The first Rohingyalish School in Malaysia

    RB Report July 21, 2013 Pahang Rohingya Language School: The first Rohingyalish School in Malaysia School Theme: “Bring Rohingya Language from tongues to papers” Project Supervised by: Rohingya Social & Welfare Association Pahang (Newly found organization)  Mohammed Rafique S...

  • A Look into Atrocities against Rohingyas to Date

    M.S. Anwar RB Report October 1, 2012 Since the violence against Rohingyas started, atrocities against Rohingyas have been being carried out in large scale. They have been arrested, tortured and killed. Their women and girls were raped. Their properties were looted, destroyed and torched. In...

    • more ➜

Report by Media/Org

For Rohingya refugees, imminent surge in births is traumatic legacy of sexual violence - special report

11 May 2018 0 comments

Rohingya families arrive at a UNHCR transit centre near the village of Anjuman Para, Cox’s Bazar, south-east Bangladesh after spending four days stranded at the Myanmar border with some 6,800 refugees. (Photo: UNHCR/Roger Arnold) By UN News May 11, 2018 Late last year, as violent repressi...

Continue »
  • Reuters Special Report: How Myanmar forces burned, looted and killed in a remote village

    Ten Rohingya Muslim men with their hands bound kneel as members of the Myanmar security forces stand guard in Inn Din village September 2, 2017. REUTERS By Wa Lone, Kyaw Soe Oo, Simon Lewis, Antoni Slodkowski  Reuters  February 8, 2018 INN DIN, Myanmar -- Bound together, the 1...

  • Myanmar army massacred dozens of Rohingya, survivors say

    In this Friday Nov. 24, 2017, photo, Mohammadul Hassan, 18, is photographed in his family’s tent in Jamtoli refugee camp in Bangladesh. Hassan still bears the scars on his chest and back from being shot by soldiers who attempted to execute him. More than 650,000 Rohingya Muslims have fled to Ban...

  • Burma: Methodical Massacre at Rohingya Village

    By Human Rights Watch December 19, 2017 Hundreds Killed, Raped in Tula Toli Rangoon – The Burmese army carried out systematic killings and rape of several hundred Rohingya Muslims in Tula Toli village in Rakhine State on August 30, 2017, Human Rights Watch said in a report released...

  • AP Investigation: Rohingya methodically raped by Myanmar’s armed forces

    Nov. 22, 2017, photo, F, 22, who says she was raped by members of Myanmar’s armed forces in June and again in September, cries as she speaks to The Associated Press in her tent in Kutupalong refugee camp in Bangladesh. The Associated Press has found that the rape of Rohingya women by Myanmar’s s...

  • "Caged without a roof": Apartheid in Myanmar's Rakhine State

    By Amnesty International November 21, 2017 The situation for Myanmar’s Rohingya minority has deteriorated dramatically since August 2017, when the military unleashed a brutal campaign of violence against the population living in the northern parts of Rakhine State, where the majority o...

more ➜

Press Release

more ➜

Rohingya Orgs Activities

more ➜

Petition

more ➜

Campaign

more ➜

Event

more ➜

Editorial by Int'l Media

more ➜

Interview

more ➜

Open Letter

more ➜

RB Poem

more ➜

Book Shelf

more ➜

ရခိုင္တိုင္းရင္းသားမ်ား တိုးတက္ေရးပါတီ၏ ၂၀၁၁-ခု ေအာက္တိုဘာ(၉)ရက္ ေန႕စြဲပါ သေဘာထား ေၾကျငာခ်က္အား ကန္႕ကြက္လႊာ

Written By:မ်ဳိးခ်စ္ေမာင္


ရခိုင္တိုင္းရင္းသားမ်ား တိုးတက္ေရးပါတီ၏ ၂၀၁၁-ခု ေအာက္တိုဘာ(၉)ရက္ ေန႕စြဲပါ သေဘာထား ေၾကျငာခ်က္အား ကန္႕ကြက္လႊာ

ျပသာနာ၏ မူလရင္းျမစ္မွာ အယူ၀ါဒက်ဥ္းေျမာင္းေသာ ရခိုင္အမ်ိဳးသားေရး၀ါဒီမ်ား၏ သမုိင္းေၾကာင္း အမွန္ကို မသိခ်င္ေယာင္ေဆာင္ အမွန္တရားကို လက္မခံလိုစိတ္ေၾကာင့္ ဟိုးေရွးပေ၀သဏီကတည္းက အတူတကြ လက္တြဲေနထိုင္လာခဲ့ေသာ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာလူမ်ိဳးမ်ားအား ေၾကာက္စိတ္၊သံသယစိတ္ျဖင္ ့ၾကည္႕ရွဳ ျမင္ေယာင္မိေသာေၾကာင့္ျဖစ္သည္။ 

ဤေနရာတြင္ Arakan ၏ မူလအစႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ မျငင္းခုံလုိပါ…မည္သို႕ပင္ ဆိုေစ ကမၻာေျမၾကီး၏ အစိတ္အပိုင္း တစ္ခုသာျဖစ္သည္။အမွန္တရားကို လက္ခံရန္ ပါေမာကၡ ပညာတက္ၾကီးျဖစ္ရန္မလိုပါ။ ဗုဒၶ၏ အဆုံးအမကို တစ္ေသြမတိန္း လိုက္နာသူ၊လူသားေကာင္း တစ္ေယာက္ျဖစ္လွ်င္ ဤအမွန္တရားကို လက္ခံရန္ ခက္ခဲမည္မဟုတ္ပါ။ုအခ်ဳပ္အားျဖင့္ Arakan တြင္ Rohingya လူမ်ိဳးမ်ား ရခိုင္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားထက္ ရာစုႏွစ္မ်ားစြာ ေစာ၍ ရွိေနသည္ကို သက္ေသျပႏိုင္လွ်င္ လုံေလာက္သည္။ 

“တတိယစာပိုဒ္”

….ရခိုင္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားေရွး ပေ၀သဏီကပင္ ေနထိုင္လာခဲ့ေသာ ရခိုင္ေျမကို လုယူလိုသူ ဘဂၤလီလူမ်ိဳးတစ္စုသည္ အၾကမ္းဖက္နည္း၊အႏုနညး၊၀ါဒၿဖန္႕ခ်ီနည္း အစရွိသည္႕ နည္းေပါင္းစုံျဖင့္ ၾကိဳးစားလာခဲ့သည္မွာ ႏွစ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ၾကာျမင္ခဲ့ျပီျဖစ္သည္။ ရခိုင္နာမည္ ေဖ်ာက္ဖ်က္လိုသည္႕ ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ျဖင့္….အာရခိန္ျပည္ဟု ေရးသားမဳွမ်ားျပဳလုပ္လာၾကပါသည္။ 

“ေခ်ပခ်က္”

ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ ျငိမ္၀ပ္ပိျပားမွဳတည္းေဆာက္ေရးအဖြဲ႕ လက္ထက္တြင္ ထုတ္ေ၀ေသာ “သာသနာေရာင္၀ါထြန္းေစဖို႕” စာအုပ္ စာမ်က္ႏွာ ၆၅ အရ မူဆလင္မ်ားသည္ ႏွစ္ေပါင္း ၁၀၀၀၊ ၁၂၀၀ ေက်ာ္ကပင္ အေျခခ် ေနထိုင္လာခဲ့သူမ်ားျဖစ္သည္။ မည္သို႕မည္ပုံေရာက္ရွိ အေျခခ်ေနထိုင္လာခဲ့သည္ ကိုအားလုံးေသာသမိုင္းပညာရွင္မ်ား လက္ခံၾကသည္ အတိုင္း အာရပ္ကုန္သည္မ်ားသည္ ထိုအခ်ိန္က ကုန္ကူးသန္းေရာင္း၀ယ္ေရးအတြက္ ရခိုင္ကမ္းရိုးတန္း၊တနသၤာရီကမ္းရိုးတန္းမွ တဆင့္္ မေလးရွား၊ အင္ဒိုနီးရွား စသည့္ႏိုင္ငံမ်ားသို႕ ေရာက္ရွိ အေျခခ်ခဲ့သည္။ 

Arakan ေျမမွာ ေရွးပေ၀သဏီ ကတည္းက ေနထိုင္လာခဲ့ၾကတာ ရခိုင္ေတြ ေစာသလား...? ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာေတြက ေစာသလား သမိုင္းအေထာက္အထားနဲ႕တင္ၿပပါမည္။ 

၁၆ ရာစုတြင္ ေရးေသာ “ဟာနီဖါ ႏွင့္ ခိုင္ယာဖူရီ” စာအုပ္တြင္ စာေရးဆရာ Shah Barid Khan က ယၡဳေမာင္ေတာခရိုင္၊ေမာင္ေတာျမိဳ႕ လေဘာစားရြာ(Arabshah Para) သို့ AD ၆၈၀-ခုႏွစ္တြင္ Mohammed Ali ၏သား Mohammed Hanif သည္ Karbala စစ္ပြဲအျပီး သူ၏ ရဲေဘာ္ရဲဖက္မ်ားႏွင့္ ေရာက္ရွိခဲ့သည္။ထိုအခ်ိန္တြင္ Queen ခိုင္ယာဖူရီသည္ ေမယုေတာင္တန္း တေလွ်ာက္ လုယက္တိုက္ခိုက္မွဳမ်ား ႏွင့္ အုုပ္စုိးေနခ်ိန္ျဖစ္သည္။ Mohammed Hanif သည္ ထို Queen ကို တိုက္ခိုက္သိမ္းယူျပီး လက္ထက္ယူခဲ့သည္။ထို႕ေၾကာင့္ Kaiyapuri ႏွင့္တကြ သူမ၏ အေျခအရံမ်ားသည္ အစၥလာမ္သာသာကို ခံယူျပီး ေအးခ်မ္းစြာ ေနထိုင္လာခဲ့သည္။ ယၡဳထက္တိုင္ ထိုေမယုေတာင္ေၾကာ တစ္၀ိုက္တြင္ Hanifa Tonki ႏွင့္ Kayapuri Tonki ဟူ၍ အထင္အရွား ေတြ႕ၿမင္ႏိုင္ပါသည္။ အခ်ဳပ္ဆိုရလွ်င္ ယေန႕ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာ၏ မူလအစသည္ ထိုၿဖစ္ရပ္မွ ၿမစ္ဖ်ားခံလာသည္ဟု ဆိုႏိုင္ပါသည္။ 

တစ္ဖန္ ေအဒီ (ရ၈၈-ခု )မဟာထိိုင္ စႏၵယား မင္းၾကီးလက္ထပ္တြင္ အာရပ္ကုန္သည္ သေဘၤာမ်ား ရမ္းၿဗဲကြ်န္း အနီးတြင္ ပ်က္သြားရာမွ အကူအညီေတာင္းလာေသာ အာရပ္မ်ားကို အာရ္ကန္၏ တစ္ျခားေနရာ ျမိဳ့ရြာမ်ားတြင္ ေနရာခ်ေပးခဲ့သည္။ ဤသည္ မွာ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ား ေရးေသာ သမိုင္းအေထာက္အထားမ်ားမွ ေကာက္ယူျခင္းမဟုတ္ (၁၉၅၇-ခုႏွစ္ ႏွင့္ ၁၈၇၉-ခုႏွစ္) တြင္ ထုတ္ေ၀ခဲ့ေသာ Burma Gazetteers(Akyab District) ႏွင့္ British Burma Gazetteers တို႕မွ ေကာက္ႏုတ္ခ်က္ၿဖစ္သည္။ 

ေအဒီ ၁၄၃၀ ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ ၀လီခန္ ႏွင့္ပါလာေသာ စစ္သည္ ငါးေသာင္း(Bangladesh District Gazatteers,p-63)၊ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ စႏၵြြီခန္ႏွင့္ ပါလာေသာ စစ္သည္မ်ား(Journal of Burma Research Society No.2,p-493) သည္ ရာစုႏွစ္ အဆက္ဆက္ Arakan ကိုအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ လာခဲ့သည္။ဤသည္မ်ားမွာ မ်ားစြာေသာ သမို္င္းအေထာက္ အထားမ်ားမွ အခ်ဳိ့သာ ျဖစ္သည္။ 

သမိုင္းဆရာ Morris Collis ၏ အဆိုအရ တိဗက္-ျမန္မာ အႏြယ္၀င္မ်ားသည္ Arakan ကို India မွ ခြဲထုတ္၍ ေ၀သာလီေခတ္ ေနထိုင္သူမ်ားႏွင့္ ေရာေထြးသြားခဲ့ရာမွ Indo-Mongoloid ဟုေခၚေသာ ရခိုင္ လူမ်ိဳးၿဖစ္ေပၚလာခဲ့သည္။ ဤအျဖစ္အပ်က္မွာ( AD-၉၅၇) ခုႏွစ္တြင္ ျဖစ္ခဲ့သည္။ 

အထက္ပါ သမိုင္းေထာက္အထားမ်ားကို ၾကည့္ျခင္းအားျဖင့္ Arakan တြင္ ေရွးပေ၀သဏီကပင္ ေနထိုင္လာခဲ့ၾကသူမ်ားမွာ ရခိုင္မ်ားလား…? ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ားလား…? ရခိုင္ ႏွင့္ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာ ႏွစ္ခုစလုံးမ်ားလား ထင္ရွားစြာ သိျမင္ႏိုင္ပါသည္။ 

ထို႕ေၾကာင့္ ႏွစ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာကပင္ ရခိုင္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားထက္ေစာ၍ Arakan တြင္ ေရာက္ရွိ အေျခခ် ေနထိုင္လာခဲ့ေသာ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာလူမ်ိဳးမ်ားသည္ မိမိတို႕ ဘိုးဘြားစဥ္ဆက္ ေနထိုင္က်က္စားရာ Arakan ကို Arakan ဟုသုံးျခင္းသည္ အလြဲသုံးစားျခင္း မဟုတ္၊လုယူျခင္းလဲ မဟုတ္၊နာမည္ ေဖ်ာက္ဖ်က္လိုျခင္းလဲ မဟုတ္ပါ။ ရက္စက္ေသာ စစ္အစိုးရ အဆက္ဆက္၊အယူ၀ါဒ က်ဥ္းေျမာင္းေသာ လူမ်ိဳးေရး ၀ါဒီမ်ား၏ ကိုယ္က်ိဳးဖက္ လူမဆန္ျခင္းေၾကာင့္ လူသား အေျခခံအခြင့္အေရးမ်ားပါ နစ္နာဆုံးရွဳံးျခင္း ခံေနၾကရေသာ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာ လူထုတစ္ရပ္လုံး၏ အခြင့္အေရးကို ျပန္ရယူျပီး Sister Community ျဖစ္ေသာ ရခိုင္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ား ႏွင့္ ေအးခ်မ္းစြာ ေနထိုင္ႏိုင္ရန္ မ်က္ေမွာက္ေခတ္၏ ေဘာင္စည္းမ်ဥ္း၊စည္းကမ္း ႏွင့္အညီၾကိဳးစား ရုန္းကန္ျခင္းသာ ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ 

Arakan တြင္ ဘိုးဘြား စဥ္ဆက္ေနထိုင္လာခဲ့ေသာ လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားသည္ အမိေျမကို Arakan ဟု သုံးနဳံးလွ်င္ ဘယ္ဥပေဒကမွ အျပစ္ေပး အေရးယူ၍ မရေပ။ အယူ၀ါဒ က်ဥ္းေျမာင္းေသာ လူမ်ိဳးေရး၀ါဒီမ်ားေၾကာင့္ ထိုကဲ့သို႕ မဟုတ္မမွန္ေရးသားျပီး တကမၻာလုံးအား မ်က္စိမွိတ္၊နားပိတ္ရန္ ၾကိဳးစားေနၾက ၿခင္းျဖစ္သည္။

“ဆဠမစာပုိဒ္ “

ကမၻာတစ္၀ွမ္းက ရခိုင္အမ်ိဳးသားတို႕ကို Arakanese ၊ ရခိုင္ျပည္ကို Arakan ေျမပုံမ်ားတြင္လဲ Arakan ဟုသာ ယေန႕ထိ Arakan ႏွင့္ Arakanese တို႕သည္ ဗုဒၶဘာသာ၀င္မ်ားျဖစ္သည္၊ ဘဂါၤလီလူမ်ိဳးတစ္ခုသည္ Arakan ႏွင့္ပက္သက္ေသာ သမိုင္းမ်ား၊စာအုပ္မ်ားကို လိမ္ညာ ျဖန္႕ခ်ီ….။ 

“ေခ်ပခ်က္”

မည္သည့္္ သမို္င္းဆရာကမွ် ရခိုင္အမ်ိဳးသားတို႕ကို Arakanese ဟူ၍ သုံးခဲ့သည္မရွိပါ။ Magh ဟူ၍သာ ရွိသည္။ ရခိုင္သည္ Magh ၏ updated version ျဖစ္သည္။ Arakanese ဟုဆိုလွ်င္ Arakan တြင္လူမ်ိဳးအားလုံးကို ဆိုလိုသည္။Hindu,Muslim,Buddist အားလုံးအက်ဳံး၀င္သည္။ ေျမပုံတြင္ Arakan ကိုသုံးျခင္းသည္ မဆန္းပါ…။Arakan ကိုသုံးျခင္းျဖင့္ Arakan သည္ ရခိုင္လူမ်ိဳးအတြက္ခ်ည္းသာ ျဖစ္မသြားပါ။ယခု အခ်ိန္အထိ ကမၻာ့ပညာရွင္ မည္သူကမွ Arakan ႏွင့္ Arakanese တို႕သည္ ဗုဒၶဘာသာ၀င္မ်ားသာ ျဖစ္သည္ဟု မွတ္ခ်က္မေပးပါ။ သိလဲမသိၾကပါ။ရိဳဟင္ဂ်ာ လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားသည္ မိမိတို႕၏ သမိုင္းျဖစ္ရပ္အမွန္ကို ေရးျခင္းသာျဖစ္သည္။ဤသို႔ ေရးရာတြင္၊ျဖန္႕ခ်ီရာတြင္ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာမဟုတ္ေသာ သမိုင္းဆရာမ်ား၏ အျမင္ႏွင့္ မဆန့္္က်င္ပါ…။ 

သမိုင္းဆရာ Dr.သန္းထြန္း၏အဆိုအရ (၁၄၄၂-ခု) ေက်ာက္စာပါ အခ်က္မ်ားကို ကိုးကား၍ အာရ္ကန္ မင္းမ်ားတြင္ မူဆလင္ဘြဲ႕ နာမည္မ်ား ရွိခဲ့သည္။ ထိုမူဆလင္ ဘုရင္မ်ားမွာ နတ္ျမစ္ အေရွ႕ဘက္ ႏွင့္ ကုလားတန္ျမစ္ အေနာက္ဘက္ ေမယုေတာင္ၾကားက ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာေတြျဖစ္တယ္။သူတို႕ အဲဒီ ေဒသမွာ ေနထုိင္လာခဲ့ၾကတာ ႏွစ္ေပါင္းေထာင္ေက်ာ္ျပီလို႕ေျပာတယ္။ ပိုမိုသိလိုလွ်င္ ေဒါက္တာ သန္းထြန္း-Kalya Magazine p-27,1994,August ကိုၾကည္႕ပါ။ထိုေၾကာင့္ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ားသည္ သမိုင္းကို လိမ္ညာျဖန္႕ခ်ီျခင္း မဟုတ္ ရခိုင္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားသည္သာလွ်င္ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာ၏ သမိုင္းျဖစ္ရပ္အမွန္ကို လက္မခံလိုျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္ရပ္မွန္ကို လိမ္ညာလွည္းစားျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။ 

“အဠမစာပိုဒ္”

ဘဂၤလီလူမ်ိဳးတို႕သည္ တျဖည္းျဖည္း ရခိုင္လူမ်ိဳးတို႕၏ ေနထိုင္ရေဒသ၊ လယ္ယာေျမမ်ား၊ ဥယ်ာဥ္ျခံေျမမ်ား၊ ဘ၀ရပ္တည္ရာ ၀မ္းစာရွာေဖြေရးလုပ္ငန္းမ်ား၊ သဘာ၀အရင္းအျမစ္မ်ားကို ၀ါးမ်ိဳလာသည္မွာ ေဒသခံရခိုင္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားအဖို႕ ဘ၀ရပ္တည္မူ မရႏိုင္ေအာင္ ၿဖစ္လာေနပါျပီ…။ ရခိုင္လူမ်ိဳးတို႕၏ လူ႕အခြင့္အေရးကို က်ဴးေေက်ာ္ ခ်ိဳးေပါက္ခံလာရသည္မွာ ႏွစ္ေပါင္းမ်ားစြာ ၾကာခဲ့ျပီျဖစ္သည္။ 

“ေခ်ပခ်က္”

အထက္ပါ မလိုတမာ ေဝဖန္ ေရးသားမွဳသည္ တကယ္ျဖစ္ပ်က္ေနသာ Arakan ၏ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာ ျဖစ္ရပ္ခံစားမူႏွင့္ လုံး၀ဆန္႕က်င္ေနသည္။ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာလူမ်ိဳးတို႕ ဘိုးဘြားစဥ္ဆက္ကတည္းက ပိုင္ဆိုင္ လုပ္ကိုင္လာေသာ လယ္ယာေျမမ်ား၊ ဥယ်ာဥ္ျခံေျမမ်ားကို သိမ္းပိုက္ ၀ါးမ်ိဳးေနသည္မွာ ဘဂၤလားမွ ဝင္လာေသာ ဘဂါၤလီ ဗုဒၶဘာသာ၀င္ လူမ်ိဳးမ်ား ၊ ရန္ကုန္ အင္းစိန္ က်ဴးေက်ာ္ ရပ္ကြက္မွ ေနရာခ်ေပးေသာ ဗမာလူမ်ိဳးမ်ား ႏွင့္စစ္အစိုးရတို့ပင္ ျဖစ္သည္။ 

၁၉၉၀ ခုႏွစ္ ၀န္းက်င္မွ စ၍ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာ ပိုင္လယ္ယာေျမမ်ား သိမ္းယူကာ တဘက္နိုင္ငံမွဝင္ေရာက္လာေသာဗုဒၶဘာသာ ေမာ့ဂ္ မ်ားအတြက္ အိမ္အသင့္ လယ္္အသင့္ ေျမအသင့္ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ားက တည္ေဆာက္ေပးေနရသည္။ ဥပမာ ေမာင္ေတာျမိဳ႕ ေတာင္ပိုင္း ႏွင့္ ေျမာက္ပိုင္းတြင္ ထိုကဲ့သို႕ စံျပ ေက်းရြာမ်ားကို ေတြ႕ရွိရမည္ျဖစ္သည္။ေမာင္ေတာျမိဳ႕၊ျမိဳ႕မ ကညင္တန္းရွိ မူဆလင္ ဘာသာေရး ေမာရ္ေကာစ္ ဗလီ ေက်ာင္းၾကီးကို ဖ်က္ဆီး၍ မီးသတ္တပ္ဖြဲ ဌါန အျဖစ္အသုံးျပဳေနသည္။ ထိုဗလီေက်ာင္းၾကီး၏ Mehrab ကို အိပ္သာအျဖစ္ သုံးေနသည္။ ေမာင္ေတာျမိဳ႕ အထက္တန္းေက်ာင္း အေနာက္ဘက္ရွိ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာ အိမ္ျခံမ်ားကို သိမ္းပိုက္ယူခဲ့သည္။ ဘူးသီးေတာင္ျမိဳ႕မွ ေမာင္ေတာျမိဳ႕သို႕ အ၀င္၀တြင္ ရွိေသာ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာပိုင္ လယ္ေျမမ်ားကို သိမ္းယူျပီး ဘုရားတည္ခဲ့သည္။ အလယ္သံေက်ာ္မွ ျမိဳ႕မ ကညင္တန္း အ၀င္တြင္ ဘဂၤလားေဒ့ခ်္ ဘုန္းၾကီးေက်ာင္းတိုက္ကို ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာတို႕၏ လယ္ေျမမ်ားေပၚတြင္ သိမ္းယူတည္ေထာင္ခဲ့သည္။ 

တဖန္ စစ္ေတြျမိဳ႕ ယဥ္ေက်းမွဳ ျပတိုက္တည္ရွိရာ ေနရာသည္ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာမူဆလင္တို႕၏ အိမ္ျခံေျမျဖစ္သည္။ စစ္ေတြျမိဳ႕မ ဗလီၾကီး၏ ေျမာက္ဘက္တြင္ မီးေလာင္ရာမွ ဖ်က္ဆီး သြားေသာ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာပိုင္ အိမ္ယာေျမမ်ားကို သိမ္းယူျပီး လူမ်ိဳး ရခိုင္မ်ားအတြက္ ဆိုင္ခန္း၊ ယဥ္ေက်းမွဳျပတိုက္ စသည္ တို႕ကိုတည္းေဆာက္ေပးခဲ့သည္။ 

ထိုမွတစ္ပါး ၁၉၉၄-ခုႏွစ္တြင္ မင္းျပား ႏွင့္ ေျမာက္ဦးျမိဳ႕နယ္မ်ားမွ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာလူမ်ိဳးမ်ား၏ အိမ္ျခံေျမယာမ်ားကို သိမ္းယူးျပီး ထိုရုိဟင္ဂ်ာလူမ်ိဳးမ်ားကို ေမာင္ေတာျမိဳ႕သို႕ အိုးမဲ့အိမ္မဲ့ ဘ၀သို႕ ပို႕ေဆာင္ေပးခဲ့သည္။ ထိုမိသားစုမ်ာားကို ယၡဳထက္တိုင္ ေမာင္ေတာျမိဳ႕ေတာင္ပိုင္းရွိ ေက်းရြာမ်ားတြင္ ေတြ႕ႏိုင္ပါသည္။ 

အထက္ပါ အခ်က္အလက္မ်ားသည္ ခိုင္လုံေသာ အေထာက္အထားမ်ားျဖစ္ၿပီး အမ်ားစုထဲမွ အနည္းအက်ဥ္းကို တင္ျပျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။ 

အထက္ပါ တင္ျပခ်က္မ်ားကို ၾကည္႕ျခင္းအားျဖင့္ လူအခြင့္အေရးခ်ိဳးေဖာက္ခံရသူမ်ားမွာ ရခိုင္ေတြလား ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာေတြလား သိသာႏုိုင္ပါသည္။အစိုးရ ႏွင့္ ရခိုင္လူမ်ိဳးတို႕၏ ေန႕စဥ္မျပတ္ ရက္စက္ ခ်ဳပ္ခ်ယ္္မွဳကို ခံေနရသူမ်ားမွာ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ားပင္ၿဖစ္သည္။ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာ တို့၏ ေနထိုင္ရေဒသ၊ လယ္ယာေျမမ်ား ဥယ်ာဥ္ျခံေျမမ်ား ကိုသိမ္းယူေနသူမ်ားမွာ ရခိုင္လူမ်ဳိးမ်ားႏွင့္ စစ္အစိုးရတို့ပင္ျဖစ္ၾကသည္။ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာလူမ်ဳိးတို့ ဘ၀ရပ္တည္မူ မရႏိုင္ေအာင္ ခ်ဳပ္ခ်ယ္ ကန့္သက္ ဖိႏွိပ္ ရက္စက္ေနသူ မ်ားမွာ ရခုိင္ႏွင့္ စစ္အစိုးရတို့ပင္ ျဖစ္ၾကသည္။ 

“ေနာက္ဆုံး စာပိုဒ္”

ရခုိင္ျပည္ရွိ ဗုဒၶဘာသာ အေဆာက္အအုံမ်ားသည္ ကမၻာ့ ယဥ္ေက်းမွဳပိုင္ အေဆာက္အအုံးမ်ား ျဖစ္ပါသည္။လူရမ္းကား လူလိမ္ ဘဂၤလီတစ္ခ်ိဳ့ေၾကာင့္ ရခိုင္ၿပည္ရွိ ဗုဒၶသာသနာ အေဆာက္အအုံးမ်ားသည္ ေပ်ာက္ကြယ္ရေတာ့မည္…။ 




“ေခ်ပခ်က္”

ယခုမ်က္ေမွာက္ကာလတြင္ မည္သည္႕ ရခိုင္ဘာသာေရး အေဆာက္အအုံးမ်ားကို တစ္ျခား ရခိုင္မဟုတ္ေသာ လူမ်ိဳးမ်ားမွ ဖ်က္ဆီးျခင္း မရိွပါ။ ရခိုင္လူမ်ိဳးမ်ား ႏွင့္ စစ္အစိုးရ ပူးေပါင္း၍ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာလူမ်ိဳး အိစၥလာမ္ဘာသာ၀င္တို႕၏ ဗလီေက်ာင္းမ်ား၊သမိုင္း၀င္ေနရာမ်ားကို ဖ်က္ဆီးျခင္းမ်ား၊သိမ္းပိုက္ျခင္းမ်ား ျပဳလုပ္လာခဲ့သည္မွာ ႏွစ္ေပါင္း(၅၀)ေက်ာ္သြားျပီးျဖစ္သည္။ 

ဥပမာျပရလွ်င္ ေမာင္ေတာျမိဳ႕ ျမိဳ႕မကညင္တန္းရွိ ေမရ္ေကာစ္ ဗလီၾကီး၊ေျမာက္ပုိင္း ႏွင့္ ေတာင္ပိုင္းရွိ ဗလီေက်ာင္းမ်ား၊ေျမာက္ဦးျမိဳ႕ရွိ စႏီၵခန္ ဗလီၾကီးမ်ားကို စစ္အစိုးရ အဆက္ဆက္က ပ်က္စီးျပီး ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာ သမိုင္း၀င္ အမွတ္အသားမ်ားကို တိမ္ေကာ ေမွးမိွန္ သြားေအာင္ ျပဳလုပ္လွ်က္ရွိေနသည္။ယၡဳ စစ္ေတြျမိဳ႕ ေလာကနႏၵာ ဘုရားတည္ရွိရာ ေနရာသည္လည္း ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာမူဆလင္မ်ား၏ အိမ္ယာေျမမ်ား၊ ဗလီေက်ာင္းမ်ားကို ဖ်က္ဆီးသိမ္းပိုက္ျပီး ဘုရားတည္ထားျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။ 

သမိုင္း၀င္သာသနာ့ အေဆာက္အအိုမ်ား ေပ်ာက္ကြယ္ေအာင္ ၾကံစည္ဖန္တီးေနသူမ်ားမွာ ရခိုင္ပဲလား….စစ္အစိုးရနဲ႕ရခိုင္ပဲလား…. သိသာျမင္ရွဳႏိုင္ေပသည္။ 

ထို့ေၾကာင့္ အနည္းဆုံး ႏွစ္ေပါင္း (၁၂၀၀) ခန့္ကပင္ Arakan တြင္ရွိေနေသာ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာမ်ားသည္ Arakanese Rohingya ဟုမသုံးႏွိင္လွ်င္ ရခိုင္မ်ားသည္လည္း Arakanese ဟုမသုံးႏိုင္ေပ။ ရုိဟင္ဂ်ာ သည္ဘင္ဂါလီ ျဖစ္လ်ွင္ ရခိုင္မ်ားသည္ သမိုင္းအေထာက္အထားမ်ားအရ ရိုဟင္ဂ်ာ ထက္ေစာ၍ Indian ကုလားဘင္ဂါလီ ျဖစ္သည္။ 

အထက္ပါ အခ်က္အလက္မ်ားကို ေထာက္ရွဳျခင္း အားျဖင့္ ရခိုင္တိုင္ရင္းသားမ်ား တိုးတက္ေရးပါတီမွ ထုတ္ျပန္ေသာ ေၾကျငာခ်က္သည္ အေျခအျမစ္ မရွိ၊လူမ်ိဳးေရး မုန္းတီးမူ၀ါဒီမ်ား၏ လုပ္ရပ္သာျဖစ္ေၾကာင့္ သက္ေသျပအပ္ပါသည္။ 

Sources:
Rohingyas are not British era settlers, summery of the facts from the Rohingyas of Arakan,AFK Jilani
A Short History of Rohingyas and Kamans of Burma, M.A Tahir Ba Tha (translated by A.F.K Jilani, edited by Mohd. Ashraf Alam)
ကိုယ္ေတြ.ျဖစ္ရပ္မ်ား





Related News/Article
  1. Anonymous October 25, 2011 at 5:14 PM

    Bravo....
    အခုလို မသမာလူတစ္စုရဲ့သမိုင္းလိမ္လည္လွည့္ျဖားမွူကို ထိထိမိမိေခ်ပတာကိုအရမ္းအာရေက်နပ္ပါတယ္၊

  2. ၾကိုးစားကတ္ပါေမ October 31, 2011 at 1:53 AM

    မင္းတို ့ တိုင္းျပည္လိုခ်င္ရင္ ဗမာအစိုးရကို နိုင္ေအာင္တိုက္ မင္းတို့နိုင္ရင္ ရခိုင္ျပည္မေျပာနဲ့ ျမန္မာတိုင္ငံလံုးကို ရမွာ

  3. မင္းခ်စ္သူ October 31, 2011 at 7:46 PM

    ေၾသာ္...ၾကိုးစားကတ္ပါေမ...ရယ္.... .ေနပါေစ....ဘာမွမလုိခ်င္ဘူးကြယ္....ခ်စ္ရသူမင္းတစ္ေယာက္သာ...တို့အသည္းစြဲ...။ ငါတို.ရခိုင္ျပည္ကိုလဲ မလိုခ်င္၊ျမန္မာတစ္ႏိုင္ငံလံုးကိုလဲ မလိုခ်င္...ငါတို့ေတြဘိုးဘြား ေတြေနထိုင္လာ ခဲ့တဲ့ ေနရာေလး မွာရပိုင္ခြင့္ေတြနဲ့ လြတ္လြတ္ လပ္လပ္..sister community နဲ့ေအးေအး ခ်မ္းခ်မ္း ေနထိုင္နုိင္ဖို့ ကိုပဲ ငါတို့လိုိလား တယ္...ok ရွင္းျပီလား...

  4. MYOWIN November 23, 2011 at 9:53 AM

    Now, the whole world knows who are lying. As long as there are bigots and chavinists among the people of Myanmar, it can never be a peaceful and a developed nation. That's what Junta wants from people. I wonder why Rakhines are so hostile towards Rohingyas. As far as I am concerned, they are not given even humanely treatment. After all, they are also humen and they also have same hope in their lives the way we have in ours.

  5. Anonymous January 11, 2012 at 11:14 PM

    ေကာင္းလြန္လို ဘယ္လိုေၿပာရမွာေတာင္ မသိဘူး×××သိပ္ေကာင္း×××ေကာင္းမွေကာင္း ×××ဆက္လက္ၿပီ ပို ၾကိဳးစားေပးၾကပါ ×××သူတို့ လွဳပ္ရွားမွဳေတြ သိပ္ၿမန္ေနတယ္၊၊သတိထား
    ၾကပါ။
    SN/YN

  6. Anonymous January 31, 2012 at 6:55 PM

    သမိုင္းဆိုတာကိုေျပာဖို႕ ေခတ္ျပိဳင္မွတ္တမ္းအေထာက္အထား (contemporary evidence) လိုပါသည္။ ဥပမာ- ပုဂံေခတ္ ေအဒီ ၁၁ ရာစုက အျဖစ္အပ်က္ကို ေျပာရန္ ေအဒီ ၁၁ ရာစုက ေရးခဲ့ေသာ(သို႕မဟုတ္) ေအဒီ ၁၁ ရာစုက ရွိခဲ့ေသာ မူလဘူတ ရုပ္ၾကြင္း သက္ေသ ရွိရပါမည္။ သမိုင္းပညာရပ္တြင္- ၁၁ ရာစု ပုဂံေခတ္အေၾကာင္းကို ၁၆ ရာစု တြင္ေရးသည့္ မွတ္တမ္းမ်ားကို ကိုုးကားျပီး သက္ေသျပပိုင္ခြင့္ မရွိပါ။ ေအဒ ီ၈ ရာစုအေၾကာင္းကို ေအဒီ ၁၉ ရာစုတြင္ ေရးသည့္စာမ်ားကို ကိုးကားျပီး သက္ေသျပလို႕ မရပါ။ (ဤအခ်က္ကို သမိုင္းပညာရပ္အား အေျခခံအဆင့္ ေလ့လာဖူးသူတိုင္း သိပါသည္)။ contemporary edivence ကို မကိုးကားႏိုင္သည့္ ေရးသားခ်က္မ်ားကို ဒ႑ာရီ အဆင့္ထက္ တစ္ဆင့္တိုးျပီး သတ္မွတ္ရန္ သမိုင္းပညာရပ္က မတတ္ႏိုင္ပါ။ contemporary evidence ဆိုတာ ဘာမွန္းမသိဘဲ (သို႕မဟုတ္) လံုး၀ နားမလည္ဘဲ ေရးသားသူမ်ားကေတာ့ သမိုင္းဘာသာရပ္တြင္ အေျခခံ သူငယ္တန္းအဆင့္ပင္ မရွိသူမ်ား ျဖစ္ႏိုင္ပါသည္။ သမိုင္းပညာ မူၾကိဳအဆင့္ျဖင့္ ေရးသားသည့္ စာမ်ားမွာ ပညာရပ္နယ္ပယ္တြင္ ဟာသ ျဖစ္ေနတတ္ပါသည္။

Write A Comment


    • Rohingya Exodus